Business Management and Information System Essay

occupation Management and Information establishment - Essay ExampleThe article specific whollyy outlines ten events and draw outs that birth led to this. Out of these ten events and forces, all bar one fall of the Berlin Wall have been enhanced by ICTs. This paper uses the principles of business extremity reengineering (BPR), enterprise resource planning (ERP), and knowledge management to critique the ideas Friedmans raised in this article. Business functioning engineering The world is increasingly being driven by nodes, competition and change. These three challenges have necessitated companies to be constantly on the lookout for new solutions to their business problems, hence the emergence of business process reengineering (BPR). In his book, Business the Speed of Thought, Bill Gates states that the 1980s was just about quality, the 1990s about reengineering and the 2000s about speed. It is this speed of innovation independent of location that Friedman speaks of with rega rds to the emerging economic powers of China, India, and Russia that America must be wary of. BPR is the fundamental rethinking and radical re invention of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of movement such as cost, quality, service and speed (Muthu et al., 1999). The purpose of which is to redesign the strategic and value added processes that transcend organizational boundaries. IT is a key enabler of BPR, an attri simplye that is manifest in the roles that it plays before the process is designed, while the process design is underway, and after the design is complete (Attaran, 2004). Friedman points out that misnomer that many Americans have been led to or lead themselves to accept that China, India, et al are racing them to the bottom whereas in actual sense they are racing the US to the top. These emerging economic powers have rich educational heritages an ambitious youth and access to work companionship from leading corpor ations that have outsourced, offshored to their countries and access to a wide range of information over the Internet. According to Friedman (2005) American multinationals previously outsourced and offshored to minimize cost but now it is because they are unable to find the talent they call for locally so they source it abroad. The seven principles of BPR according to Hammer 1990 are outcome orientation, integration, local responsibility, pooling or resources, fasten processes, empowering and control, and reducing data duplication. Outcome orientation implies that the organisation needs to organize around outcomes and non tasks. The goal is not just to focus on a few things at a time, but to focus on the right things, to target those activities that will make the biggest impact in terms of customer perceived value. Outsourcing one of the forces that has led to flattening of the world is focused on moving those activities that are not union to the company to be done by companies that can perform them better and cheaper. Outsourcing improves efficiency and reduces cost. Another ICT-driven force that Friedman cites as a world flattener is offshoring. Offshoring is the migration of jobs, but not the people who perform them, from rich countries to poor ones. It is too referred to as offshore outsourcing and works much in the same way as outsourcing. It is almost writ large that organizations that hope to