Abolishing the Death Penalty in Louisiana :: essays research papers

Capital PunishmentCapital punishment should be abolished in lah in order to optimize rehabilitation methods and increase spending in more important areas of the state budget.One alternative to the death penalty is rehabilitation. Prisons in Louisiana should non be viewed solely as confinement for inmates, but as a last resort for those looking to make serious tone changes, even if they are condemned to life in prison. Since prisons are rapidly reaching maximum capacity, the government should really be looking to reform its current statutes to post a rehabilitation center for criminals and provide a safer environment for all involved in the prison system. Prisons that name implemented rehabilitation programs such as The Second Chance Program have documented a 10% decrease in criminal recidivism. In turn, fewer prisoners are coming through the judicial system. Prisoners that desire to once again become contributing members of society should be urged to do so, and should be given the necessary materials in order to touch this. Rehabilitation can also include things like job training and education. Statistics show that well educated criminals are less likely to relapse into a life of annoyance and are more likely to continue using their learned skills, even if they have been granted life without parole. Although some claim that acquiring rid of Louisianas worst criminals gives the public peace of mind, this peace of mind comes at a tremendous cost. The extra money spent on the death penalty could be spent on other means of achieving justice and making the community safer compensation for victims, better lighting in crime areas, more police on the streets, even longer periods of incarceration for certain offenders, or projects to reduce unemployment. Quite a few jurisdictions with the death penalty have recently had to cut back on other vital services. In some states, people are being released from prison early as a cost saving measure. Other states are closi ng libraries and government funded offices. A second reason why the costs of the death penalty are so central is that they play a key role in how the death penalty is implemented. Supporters and opponents of the death penalty agree that the capital punishment system should not take unnecessary risks with innocent lives and should be applied with a strict fairness. As with many things, the death penalty really isnt a bargain. in that location is no abstract dollar figure for the cost of the death penalty and it depends on the quality of the system one demands.

Drinking Alcohol and Driving :: Exploratory Essays, Drunk Driving

Alcohol and Driving Imagine being in a bar with a few of your good friends. E rattlingone is drunkenness and having a good time. Your argon going to leave and go home, but you friends wont let you because they know the dangers of driving after having a few drinks. Instead they ca ll a cab to give you a ride home. You would be extremely lucky to deport such smart friends. Drunk driving is a very serious problem in our society today, but it is becomming socially unacceptable causing the numbers of alcohol related traffic fatalites t o freeze off considerably. Drunk driving can be very deadly. Yet many people drive while under the influence everyday. Drivers who are drunk are blamed for the loss of as many as twentyfive thousand lives in highway crashes each year and hundreds of thousands of severe injurys. It is thought that drunk drivers have a long history of doing this and many prior arrests. In addition, most of those killed are just innocent victims whose behavior did not con tibute to their deaths. These last two statements are both false. On aver age a drunk driver that kills has never been involved in a alcohol related accident before and have no proir convictions for drunk driving. The part ab come out the people killed are just innocent bistanders is overaggerated also. Most of the drunk drivers v ictims are the drivers themselves, their often passengers, and the drunken pedestrains and cyclists. disrespect this drunk driving is still very dangerous. It is the leading cause of unintentional injury deaths in America today. In fact it is said that ab out 40 % of the population will be involved in a alcohol related crash during their life. Drunk driving is especially dangerous to new-fangled people, who seem to be more involved than others. Drunk driving is the number one cause of death among young people, accounting for 20% of all deaths from ages 15 to 20. Drunk driving is such a hard thing to overcome though. In our society alcolol is overwhelming ly accepted as a facilitator of sociable interaction, and the abundant majority of adults drink. But steps a re being taken and the numbers of deaths are declining. Alcohol-related traffic fatalities have been decreasing lately. As a residuum of all traffic fatalities it has been decreased since 1982. In fact since 1982 the number of alcohol releated traffic fatalities has decreased 30%, from 25,165 to 17,699, w hile alcohol-related traffic fatalitites, as a relation of all traffic fatalities, decreased from 57% to 45%.

health drinks Essay -- essays research papers

Importance and Effects of Health drinks and Soft drinks in 21st centuryIntroductionHere we are going to discuss some the relevance and effects of health drinks and soft drinks like coke. We see explained in our study the advantages and disadvantages of these drinks. What are the ingredients of these drinks? How are they affecting e actually age group in the 21st century? Should they be apply or not and if used in what amounts. The importance of these drinks help us to peep into their world and the drinking habits essential by people.According to a study 33% of U.S. adults that are 20 years of age or older are estimated to be overweight. Furthermore, over 58 million Americans weigh at least 20% or more than their ideal body weight.With exhaustion and high stress levels due to hectic lifestyles, many people are relying on energy drinks to give them that second wind. Whether they help to stay awake through a test that day, or revive you for a party that night, energy drinks are muc h appreciated, and are becoming quite popular. With energy drinks increase in popularity, and high demand, many companies have decided to coif out with one. Companies such as SoBe, have SoBe Adrenaline squawk, Starbucks DoubleShot espresso and cream, and throne Dews AMP energy drink. Other popular energy drinks include, Red Bull and Rockstar. SoBe Adrenaline Rush has the familiar tangy taste of a grapefruit with a light lily-livered color. It contains 1000 mg taurine, 500 mg d-Ribose, 250 mg L-Carnitine, 100 mg Inositol, 50 mg Guarana, and 25 mg Panex Ginseng. This drink including many others is not recommended for children, pregnant women, or persons sensitive to Caffeine. Starbucks DoubleShot espresso and cream in caramel in color, and tastes very similar to the coffee frappuccinos Starbucks has in the glass bottles. It is definitely a great drink to waken up with in the morning. AMP energy drink (from Mountain Dew) contains matodextrin, Ginseng, Taurine, B vitamins and Guaran a. It is sour and tangy and tastes like fruit snacks. Like mountain dew, AMP is a lime green color. Red Bull is a yellow drink with a sour, tart taste. that includes, 1000 mg taurine, 600 mg glucuronolactone, and 80 g of caffeine. The benefits you get from drinking a Red Bull include, improving your performance, concentration, and reply speed, vigilance, emotional status. It stimulates your metabolis... ...ng obesity and bone weakening has the potential to synergistically undermine future health. Adolescents and kids dont think long-term. But what happens when these soft-drinking people become young or middle-aged adults and they have osteoporosis, sedentary living and obesity?By that time, switching to water, milk or fruit juice may be too little, too late.To curb this enigma the only solution is to provide access to healthier drinks and snacks and prohibits soft drinks contracts in schools and eliminates school advertising and promotional events that promote unhealthy snack and beverage choices. preference acceptable beverages include water, unsweetened flavored waters, 100% fruit juice, 100% vegetable juice and low fat plain and flavored milk.ConclusionFrom this we can conclude that fizzing drinks and the health drinks both can be injuries to health if use in excess. Every thing that is used within its limits is useful rather then go through it over and over. Health drinks or energy drinks have a better substitute like pure 100% juices etc... Health drinks can be used but to a proper extent. But a fizzy drink like coke has no better effects to the health rather worsens it.

The Push out of Texas Essays -- History Settlement Papers

The Push out of Texas A rich part of American history takes place in Texas around the earlyish to middle part of the nineteenth century. During this time period, Texas became a region of American settlement. The price to pay for that settlement, however, ranged on a variety of levels for the different cultures and races of people live there. During this time period, three different groups of people lived in this region. These groups included the Cherokee Indians, Mexicans, and European settlers. Before times of conflict, these three ethnic groups coexisted on the land in peace. However, the Mexican-American contend of 1836 changed the region of Texas. After the war, the American settlers pushed for the removal of the Mexicans and Cherokee Indians off the land through the use of force and deceit.One of the groups of people to endure the price of discrimination, violence, and hatred, just to change by reversal American citizens, were the Mexican-Americans. The lives of the Teja nos, or Texas Mexicans, were abused and disgraced religiously, economically, politically, and morally due to the prejudices of the southern states and the Mexican War.The name itself, Mexican-Americans, defines these people as citizens of the United States who can trace their personal credit line or history back to Mexico. In the nineteenth century, a dominant characteristic of the Mexican-Americans was their cherished Roman Catholic faith. During the Texas Revolution, Texan rebels knew that one way to exasperate the Tejanos was to destroy their places of worship. A good example of the rage can be seen at the site of Fannins Massacre, which took place in a town named La Bahia, Texas. This town was once an important port with thousands of residents. After the destruction ... ...Texas. Library of Congress. 1964.Gregory, Jack. Sam Houston with the Cherokees. University of Texas Press. 1967.Jones, Oakah L. Santa Anna. Twayne Publisher, Inc. New York, New York.Montejano, David. Anglos a nd Mexicans in the Making of Texas, 1836-1986. Austin University of Texas Press, 1987 15-99.Moore, Francis Jr. lay out and Description of Texas 1840. New York Tanner and Disturnel, 1840.Presley, James. Santa Annas Invasion of Texas A Lesson in Command. Arizona and the West. 10(3) (October, 1968). 241-252.Rethinking History and the Nation-State, Mexico and the United States as a Case Study. The Journal of American History. Sept. 1999 439-455.Rosenbaum, Robert J. History of Mexican Americans in Texas. Boston American Press, 1980.Treaty of 1836 (http//members.aol.com/_ht_a/txcherind/thompson-mccoy_chickasawchoctaw/1836.html)

How Various Mechanisms By Which Substances Cross The Cell Me :: essays research papers

Homeostasis is essential to the carrell&8217s survival. The cellphone membrane isresponsible for homeostasis. The membrane has a selective permeabilitywhich delegacy what moves in and out of the cell is regulated. Aminoacids, sugars, oxygen, sodium, and potassium are examples of essencesthat enter the cell. cop products and carbon dioxide are removed fromthe cell. All of these substances cross the membrane in a variety ofways. From diffusion and osmosis, to active transport the trafficthrough the cell membrane is regulated.Diffusion is the movement of molecules form one area of higher(prenominal)tightness to an area of lower concentration. Concentration gradientcauses the molecules to move from higher concentration to a lowerconcentration. The typeface of the membrane that has the higherconcentration is give tongue to to have the concentration gradient. It drivesdiffusion because substances always move down their concentrationgradient. The embrace gradient also plays a role in diffusion. Wherethis is a constrict gradient in that location is motion of molecules. The pressuregradient is a difference in pressure between two different points. Ifthe concentration of one side of the membrane is greater than themolecules leave alone run from the higher to lower concentration. Eventually there bequeath be a dynamic equilibrium and there will be no netmovement of molecules from one side to the other.Osmosis is the diffusion of water. alike(p) diffusion, the water movesfrom a region of higher water potential to a region of lower waterpotential. Solutions have three different stages that the solutes canbe classified in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. Isotonic is whenthe solutions have equal amounts of solutes. Like equilibrium, there isno net change in the amount of water in any solution. When thesolutions have different concentration of solutes then the one with lesssolute is hypotonic and the one with more solute is hypertonic. Hypotonic takes in t he solute from the hypertonic side that gives awaythe solute. there will be a net movement in these types of solution. The molecules will move from the hypotonic solution into the hypertonicsolution. The third way a substance can cross the cell membrane is throughfacilitated diffusion. This occurs when special flattop proteins carrysolutes dissolved in the water across the membrane by development activetransport. When the concentration gradient can not allow travel fromone side of the membrane to the other fast enough for the cell&8217snutritional needs, then facilitated diffusion is used. The transportprotein is specialized for the solute it is carrying, just as enzymesare specialized for their substrate. The transport protein can beHow Various Mechanisms By Which Substances Cross The Cell Me essays research papers Homeostasis is essential to the cell&8217s survival. The cell membrane isresponsible for homeostasis. The membrane has a selective permeabilitywhich means what move s in and out of the cell is regulated. Aminoacids, sugars, oxygen, sodium, and potassium are examples of substancesthat enter the cell. Waste products and carbon dioxide are removed fromthe cell. All of these substances cross the membrane in a variety ofways. From diffusion and osmosis, to active transport the trafficthrough the cell membrane is regulated.Diffusion is the movement of molecules form one area of higherconcentration to an area of lower concentration. Concentration gradientcauses the molecules to move from higher concentration to a lowerconcentration. The side of the membrane that has the higherconcentration is said to have the concentration gradient. It drivesdiffusion because substances always move down their concentrationgradient. The pressure gradient also plays a role in diffusion. Wherethis is a pressure gradient there is motion of molecules. The pressuregradient is a difference in pressure between two different points. Ifthe concentration of one side of the membr ane is greater than themolecules will travel from the higher to lower concentration. Eventually there will be a dynamic equilibrium and there will be no netmovement of molecules from one side to the other.Osmosis is the diffusion of water. Like diffusion, the water movesfrom a region of higher water potential to a region of lower waterpotential. Solutions have three different stages that the solutes canbe classified in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. Isotonic is whenthe solutions have equal amounts of solutes. Like equilibrium, there isno net change in the amount of water in either solution. When thesolutions have different concentration of solutes then the one with lesssolute is hypotonic and the one with more solute is hypertonic. Hypotonic takes in the solute from the hypertonic side that gives awaythe solute. There will be a net movement in these types of solution. The molecules will move from the hypotonic solution into the hypertonicsolution. The third way a substance can cross the cell membrane is throughfacilitated diffusion. This occurs when special carrier proteins carrysolutes dissolved in the water across the membrane by using activetransport. When the concentration gradient can not allow travel fromone side of the membrane to the other fast enough for the cell&8217snutritional needs, then facilitated diffusion is used. The transportprotein is specialized for the solute it is carrying, just as enzymesare specialized for their substrate. The transport protein can be

My Business Essay -- essays research papers

Personal AssessmentAfter doing comprehensive research I come to the conclusion, that by open a Restaurant with Bosnian provender would be very(prenominal) good business venture. By opening a restaurant with authentic Bosnian food within the Bosnian community of fifty thousand people would be very profitable. In a way risk free. My only concern is that this is my start time investing a large amount of money. Bosnian Food is very unique. Most Bosnian people have very busy schedules and they wear offt have time to cook. My restaurant would feature traditional Bosnian food and atmosphere to make people feel as if they were in Bosnia. By opening this restaurant, families would be able to come to dine or to take food home that would make them feel at home and also affiance many Bosnian people who cant find jobs because of the language barrier. Uncontrollable variable in this case is that someone else may come up with the same idea shortly after I start my business. I want to start m y own business for several reasons. My money, hard work, time, and effort would be invested in something that would, in the long run, benefit me, my family and also the Bosnian community.ResearchChicago is home to fifty thousand Bosnian people. Which makes it the largest Bosnian community in the United States. Bosnians started immigrating to United States in 1993Which means that this is a very young community with great potential. Memories of their homeland and home cooking are still very fresh in their minds and i...

Coyote Blue Chapter 23~24

Part 3QuestCHAPTER 23Pavlovs Dogs and the Rhinest wiz TurdLas VegasThe only distractions from the noise of his own mind were desert-dried roadkills, thrown and twisted retreads, and road signs reflecting desolation. surface-to-air missile drove, smoked, and fought drowsiness by worrying approximately how he would find the dwarfish girl booster station. The trickster slept in the passenger seat.surface-to-air missile had been to Las Vegas three times origin eachy with Aaron to opine championship boxing at Caesars Palace. Two hundred dollars bought them seats at nosebleed altitude, closer to the bootleg than the ring, but Aaron insisted that there was nothing equal being there. Without binoculars, following the progress of the fight was like tracking down a rumor. surface-to-air missile usually watched the wo start force and did his best to keep Aaron calmed down.As soon as they walked into a gambling casino Aaron started. This is my town The lights, the excitement, the women I was born for this place. Then Aaron would drop a couple thousand at the submits and suck free gin and tonics until he staggered. In the morning surface-to-air missile would drag Aaron out of a tangle of satin sheets and hookers, throw him in the shower, and listen to his long lament of remorse and hangover as he lay in the rearseat of the car with a jacket over his head, whining the whole track home about how he would never return. Aaron never fai take to send away the greed railroad car and was always dumb opened when it juiced him of his hope.It was the machine that fascinated Sam. While Aaron ground himself through the velvet gears, Sam watched the workings of the most elaborate muleteer box on the face of the Earth. Drop the coin, hear the bell, exit the lights, eat the food, see the women, hear the bell, see the lights, drop the coin again. The ostentation of the casinos did not induce desire for money it made money meaningless. There were no mortgages in a c asino, no children needing food, no car needing repairs, no work, no time, no day, no iniquity those things the context of money were someplace else. A place where people re false before they realized that a filth rolled in rhinestones is a turd nonetheless.Sam saw the glow from Las Vegas rising over the desert from thirty miles out. He poked coyote in the leg and the trickster woke up.Hold the wheel, Sam utter. allow me drive. You brook sleep.Youre not driving my car. Just hold the wheel. prairie wolf held the wheel while Sam punched buttons on the console. The screen of the navigation system flickered on. Sam punched a few more buttons and a street map of Las Vegas lit up green on the screen. A blip representing the Merecedes blinked along Highway 15 toward the city.Okay, Sam said, taking the wheel again. prairie wolf studied the screen. How do you win?Its not a game, its a map. The blip is us.The car knows where it is going, like a horse?It doesnt know, it only when t ells us where we are.Like flavor out the window?Look, Im going to have to sleep when we get to Vegas. I dont even know where to start looking for Calliope. wherefore dont you ask the car?Sam ignored the question. Im going to get us a room. He dialed information on the cellular phone, got the number of a casino hotel, and because called and reserved a room.The works off the highway were marked by names of casinos they led to, not by the names of streets or roads. Sam took the exit marked Camelot. He followed the signs down the surface streets lined with pawnshops, convenience stores, and low-slung cinder-block buildings under neon signs that proclaimed, CASH FOR YOUR CAR, CHECKS CASHED HERE, MARRIAGES AND DIVORCES TWENTY-FOUR-HOUR DRIVE-THRU WINDOW. brush wolf said, What are these places?Sam tried to rally of a quick explanation, but was too weary from lack of sleep to tackle the concept of Las Vegas in twenty-five words or less. Finally he said, These are places where you go if you lack to fuck up your life and you dont have a lot of time to do it in.Are we going to stop?No, I seem to be fucking up at a charming rate of speed, thank you. Sam spotted the pseudomedieval towers of Camelot rising above the strip, multi-colored pennons flying from standards tipped with aircraft warning lights. He wondered what the real King Arthur (if there was a King Arthur, and who was he to question the truth piece of ass myth?) would have thought about the casino named after his legendary city. Would he recognize anything? Would he cower in fear at the sight of his first electric light? beef toilet? Automobile? Would he be reduced to a pathetic Quixote attacking this place where chivalry was a quaint marketing idea? Or would the Once and Future King lay eyes on a leggy keno girl and raise other lance to lead the knights of the fatten up T up to(p) in a charge? The women, Sam decided, would be Arthurs touchstone, and his downfall.He pellet a glance at prairie wo lf. When we get there youre going to see a lot of women without a lot of clothes on. Stay away from them.Coyote looked surprised. I never touch a charr who does not want it-Dont touch Sam interrupted.Coyote slouched in his seat. Or need it, he whispered.Sam drove the Mercedes over a giant drawbridge and stopped at the serviceman parking station where a dozen youth men dressed like squires were scrambling around unloading cars, filling out slips, and driving cars away.This is it, Sam said. He popped the trunk and got out, leaving the engine running. A warm desert wind washed over him at the same time a young man ran around the car and held out a numbered slip of paper. Your ticket, milord.Sam dug in his pocket for a bill to tip the take in, but found nothing. Im sorry, he said. I dont have any cash on me. Ill get your name and leave a tip at the desk.The kid tried to phalanx a smile and failed. Very good, milord. He jumped in the car and slammed the door. Sam cringed and tapped on the window. The window whirred down the kid waited.Sam leaned in and read the kids ductile badge. Look, uh, Squire Tom, I really forget leave a tip at the desk for you. We left in a hurry and I forgot to get cash.The kid waited, gunning the engine.Theres an alarm remote on the keys. Could you turn it on after you park it? One chirp is armed.Squire Tom nodded and pulled away. Sam heard him say, The pox on you, Moorish pig, over the squeal of the tires. How au whencetic, Sam thought. He watched the Mercedes disappear around the corner and wondered why valet parking always made him feel as if he had seen his car for the last time.Coyote stood across the lane motion to the car. He looked over. Moorish pig?The dark skin, I guess, said Sam. He led Coyote past a half-dozen squires and an overw eighter guy in a purple-and-yellow jesters outfit with a radio on his belt and a badge that read, gentle Larry, over another drawbridge, and into the casino.Trumpets played a fan farthere as t hey crossed the threshold under a brace of huge broadswords. A tease electronic voice welcomed them to Camelot. Sam spotted a adult female in a peasant dress by a sign reading, Ye Olde Information. The badge she wore, adjoining to a magnificent display of cleavage, read, Lusty Wench Wendy. Sam pulled Coyote back and approached the girl.Excuse me, er, Wendy. I have a room reserved and I need to find a cash machine.The girl spoke in a whining fake-English-over-true-Brooklyn accent. Well she threw out a hip, struck a pose if milords arise through the casino to the left to the second arch, ye will find the registration desk. Theres cash machines by every arch, milord.Thanks, Sam said. He started to walk away, then turned back to the girl. Excuse me, but Ive been here before and I thought everyone was a lord or a lady. Lusty bird is a unseasoned one.The English accent had overheated and failed. Yeah. About three months ago they said it was getting sorta confusing. You know, s ix Lord Steves, ten brothel keeper Debbies. They use a gang of other medieval titles now. The bellboys are serfs. Lusty wenches, alchemists, stuff like that.Oh, thanks, Sam said as if he understood. He led Coyote into the chaos of the casino, looking for a cash machine while trying to move quickly. Coyotes appearance was attracting attention, and when people looked up from a slot machine or blackjack table, Sam knew they were truly distracted. As they passed a carousel of slot machines, a middle-aged womanhood who was pumping quarters into a machine by the sacrificeful leaned so far back to get a look at the trickster that she nearly toppled off her stool. Sam caught her and steadied her. He works at the Frontier, up the strip, Sam said.Coyote peeked over Sams shoulder, winked at the woman, then licked his brows. The womans jaw dropped.Exotic dancer, Sam explained. The woman nodded, a little stunned, and returned her attention to the slot machine.I deprivation you wouldnt do t hat, Sam said to Coyote. And dont you have any other clothes? Something a little more conservative?Wool? Coyote made an fantastically realistic sheep noise. A pit old-timer at the blackjack tables raised an eyebrow and devil shelter jesters fell in behind Sam and Coyote.Be cool, Sam said. He turned under a hanging tapestry of a unicorn and stopped by a cash machine, checking over his shoulder for the security jesters. They waited and watched, standing a few feet away, while Sam took a deck of credit cards from his wallet and shuffled through them. When he inserted one of the cards in the machine and punched his identification number the jesters go off.Theyre gone, Coyote said.Yeah, as long as it looks like youre going to spend money I guess it doesnt consider what you look like.Coyote watched as the cash machine spit a mob of twenties into the tray. You win, he said. You picked the right numbers the first time.Yeah, Im lucky that way. label again, see if you win.Sam grinned. Im very good at this game. He put a different card into the machine and punched the same PIN number while Coyote watched. The machine whirred and another stack of twenties shot into the tray.You won Play again.No. We need to check in. Sam picked up the money and walked to a registration desk that was long enough to land planes on. At this hour of the morning there were only two people on the desk, a lusty wench named Chantel and a very tall, thin, very black man in a business suit and wraparound sunglasses who stood back from the desk and watched, unmoving.Hunter, Samuel, Sam said. I have a reservation. He placed a credit card on the desk. The girl typed for a second. The computer beeped and the girl looked over her shoulder at the black man, who moved like liquid to her side. He consulted the screen for a moment. What now? Sam thought.The black man looked down at Sam and a crescent moon of a smile appeared on the night sky of his face. He picked up Sams credit card and handed it ba ck. Mr. Hunter, thank you for joining us again. The rooms on Camelot, sir. And if theres anything I tramp get you, please dont hesitate to call down and ask.Sam was dumbfounded. Then he remembered. The last time he had stayed here Aaron had lost almost twenty thousand dollars and billed it to their suite of rooms. The suite had been registered in Sams name. Vegas loves a loser.Thank you Sam read the mans nameplate, which was pinned at Sams eye level M.F. No Lord, no Squire, no title at all just M.F.The second elevator on your left, Mr. Hunter, the lusty wench said. Twenty-seventh floor.Thanks, Sam said. Coyote grinned at the girl and Sam dragged him away to the elevator, where the trickster immediately punched in four floor numbers and stood back. This time, I will win.Its a fucking elevator, Sam said. Just poking twenty-seven. only if that is not the lucky number.Sam sighed and pushed the floor number, then waited while they stopped at all the floors Coyote had pushed o n their way to twenty-seven.Once in the room, Sam stripped to his shorts and fell onto one of the king-size beds. Get some sleep if you can. Ill try and figure out how to find Calliope in the morning. Im too well-worn to think now.You sleep, Coyote said. I will think of a plan.Sam didnt answer. He was already asleep.Coyote Loses His AssCoyote and his friend beaver fur had been hunting all day, but neither had found any game. After a while they sat down on some rocks and began talking.This is your fault, Coyote said. I can always find game.I dont think so, Beaver said. If you are such a good hunter, why is your married woman so airless?Coyote thought about his skinny wife and Beavers fat little wife and he was jealous. Well, how about a bet? he said. Tomorrow we will each go out hunting. If you get more rabbits, you can come to my lodge and sleep with my wife so you can see that my skinny wife is better. But if I get more rabbits, I get to sleep with your wife.Sounds fair, Beaver said.The attached day, after the hunt, Coyote came to Beavers lodge carrying his one scrawny rabbit. Oh, Mrs. Beaver, he called. Ive come to collect on my bet.Mrs. Beaver called from inside the lodge. Oh, Coyote, you are a great hunter. Mr. Beaver just stopped by with twenty rabbits on his way to your lodge. You better go stop him and tell him that you got more.Right, Coyote said. Ill be right back. He slunk off to his lodge dragging his rabbit.His wife was waiting outside. Nice rabbit, she said.Beaver is inside. Ill see you in the morning. Coyotes wife went into the lodge and pulled down the door flap.All night Coyote sat outside his lodge shivering and listening. At one point he heard his wife cry out.Beaver Coyote shouted. Dont you hurt my wife.Hes not hurting me, Mrs. Coyote said. I like itSwell, Coyote said.The next morning Beaver came out of Coyotes lodge singing and grinning. No hard feelings, right?A bet is a bet, Coyote said.Mrs. Coyote peeked out and said, peradventure t his will teach you not to gamble.Right, Coyote said. Then he called to Beaver, Hey, how about playing the hand game with me double or nothing?Sounds good, Beaver said. Lets go down to the river.At the river Coyote said, This is for a night with your wife. Then he picked the wrong hand.You really shouldnt gamble, Beaver said.Ill bet you my best horse for a night with your wife, Coyote said.After a while, Coyote had lost all his horses, his lodge, his wife, and his clothes. One more time, he said.But you dont have anything left, Beaver said.Ill bet you my ass against everything else.I dont want your ass, Beaver said.I thought you were my friend.Okay, Beaver said. He hid the stone behind his back. Coyote picked the wrong hand.Can I borrow your knife? Coyote said.I dont want your ass, Beaver said.A bet is a bet, Coyote said. He took Beavers knife and cut off his ass. Boy, that stings. Ive got to go, Beaver said. Ill tell your wife she can come and sleep in my lodge if she wants to. H e picked up all of Coyotes things and went home.When Coyote got home his wife was waiting. Beaver took the lodge, she said.Yep, Coyote said.Wheres your ass? she asked.Beaver got that too.You know, she said, theres a twelve-step program for gambling. You should look into it.Twelve steps. Coyote laughed. Ill bet I can do it in six.CHAPTER 24Coyote in Trickster TownLas VegasCoyote had been a long time in the Spirit World, where everyone knew him, so no one would gamble with him. Now that he was in Trickster Town, he wanted to make up for lost time. He waited for Sam to fall asleep, then he took the salesmans wallet and went down the elevator to the casino.Coyote saw hundreds of shiny machines blinking, and ringing, and clanking big coins into hollow metal bowls. He saw green tables where people traded money for colorful chips and a woman in a cage who nonrecreational money for the chips. He saw a wheel with a ball that went around and around. When the ball stopped a man took everyon es chips. The key to that one, Coyote thought, is to prehend your chips when you see the ball slowing down.At one green table, a shaman with a stick chanted while players threw bones. There was much shouting and moaning after each throw and the shaman took many chips from the players. That is a game of magic, Coyote thought. I will be very good at that one. But first I must use Sams cheating medicine on this machine.The trickster stood by a machine that he had seen Sam win from two times. He took one of the gold cards from Sams wallet and slipped it into the machine, then he pressed the number that he had seen Sam use. The machine beeped and spit the card out. painter piss Coyote swore. Ive lost. He pounded on the machine, then stepped back and drew another card from Sams wallet. He put it in the machine and pressed the number. The machine beeped and spit out the card. Balls Coyote said. This cheating medicine is no good.A round woman in pink stretch pants who was standing behind Coyote cleared her throat and made an impatient humphing noise. Coyote turned to her. Get your own machine. This one is mine.The woman glared at the trickster and tapped her foot.Go, go, go, Coyote said, waving her away. There are many machines to play on. I was here first. Go away.He put another card into the machine and hunched over the keyboard so the woman would not steal his cheating medicine. He looked back over his shoulder. She was trying to see what he was doing. Go away, woman. My cheating medicine will not help you. Even if you win you will still be ugly.The woman wrapped the strap of her pocketbook around her wrist and wound up to cut of meat it at Coyote. Coyote was going to turn into a flea and disappear into the carpet, but he would have had to drop Sams wallet to do it, so he hesitated and the woman let fly.Coyote ducked and covered his head, but the blow didnt come. Instead he heard a solid thud above his head and looked up to see a huge black hand holding the pock etbook in the air, the woman dangling from the strap at the other end. Coyote looked up further, craning his neck, until he saw a dazzling crescent moon of a smile in the face like night sky.Is there a problem? said the crescent moon in a soft, calm, deep voice. The giant lowered the woman, who stood stunned, staring up at what looked like a living late-afternoon shadow in sunglasses. The giant was used to shocking people white people anyway a seven-foot black man anywhere off a basketball act nonplussed most. He squeezed the womans shoulder gently to bring her back to her senses. Are you all right, maam? Again the smile.Fine. Im fine, the woman said, and she tottered off into the casino to tell her keep up that, by God, they would spend their next vacation in Hawaii where natives and giants if they were there at all were part of the entertainment.The giant turned his attention to Coyote. And you, sir, can I help you with anything?You look like Raven, Coyote said. Do you always wear sunglasses?Always, sir, the giant said with a slight bow. He pointed to the brass nameplate on his black suit jacket. Im M.F., customer service, at your service, sir.Whats the M.F. stand for? Coyote asked.Just M.F., sir. I am the youngest of nine children. I suppose my mother was too tired to come up with a full name.This was not entirely true, nor entirely false. The giants mother had, indeed, been weary by the time he was born, but she had also positive an unnatural obsession with dental hygiene as a child, after she was chosen to be one of the first students ever to participate in a C peacefulness toothpaste test. It had been her single moment of glory, her fifteen minutes of fame (and her best checkup ever). When she grew up she married a navy man named Nathan Fresh, and as she bore her children she christened them in remembrance of her day in the dental sun. The first of the Fresh children, a boy, was named Fluoristat. Then came three more boys Tartar, Plaque, and Molar. Then two girls Gingivitis and Flossie (the latter after the famous dental hygiene cow). After normal deliveries of two more sons, Bicuspid and Incisor, she had a long, difficult labor with her largest and last son, Minty. Later, Mother Fresh swore that had the child taken one more minute to come into the world, she would have named him Mr. Tooth Decay out of spite a fact that gave little solace to the man named Minty Fresh.Coyote said, the great unwashed think that it stands for motherfucker, dont they?No, Minty said. No one has ever mentioned it.Oh, Coyote said. Can you fix this machine? When I give it the cheating number it just beeps.Minty Fresh looked at the cash machine, which was still blinking the message INSTRUCTIONS IN ENGLISH, SPANISH, OR JAPANESE. CHOOSE ONE. Youll need to choose a language, sir. He reached down and pushed the English button. It should be fine now.Coyote inserted a card and punched two numbers on the keyboard, then looked at Minty. This is my secret number.Yes, Minty said. If you need anything at all, please ask for me personally. He turned and walked away.Coyote finished punching the PIN number. When the machine prompted him for an amount he punched in $9999.99, the maximum allowed by the six-figure field. The machine whirred and spit five hundred dollars into the tray, then flashed a message saying that this was the cards transaction limit. Coyote tried the card again and got another five hundred. The third time the machine refused the transaction so Coyote tried another card. After running all of Sams cards to their limit he walked away from the machine with twenty thousand dollars in cash.Coyote went to the roulette table and held the four-inch brick of twenties out to the croupier, a slight Oriental woman in a red-and-purple silk doublet with a name badge that read, Lady Lihn. The croupier said, On the table. She gestured for Coyote to put the money down. She nodded to a pit boss. Watch count, please, she said mecha nically. The pit boss, a sharp-faced, slick-haired Italian man wearing a polyester suit and a ten-thousand-dollar Rolex, moved to her side and watched as she counted the bills out on the table.Changing twenty thousand, Lady Lihn said. How would you like this, sir?Red ones, Coyote said. The pit boss raised an eyebrow and smirked. Lady Lihn looked irritated.Red is five dollar. No room on table.The pit boss addressed Coyote. Perhaps youd like two hundred in fives and the rest in hundreds, sir.What color are the hundreds? Coyote said.Black, Lady Lihn said.Yellows, Coyote said.Yellows are two dollars.You pick, Coyote said.Lady Lihn counted out racks of chips and pushed them in front of Coyote. The pit boss nodded to a cocktail waitress, then to the stack of chips in front of Coyote, which the cocktail waitress interpreted as Take the order. The cocktail waitress would bring strong drinks until Coyote started to get drunk, then she would bring watered drinks until he looked tired, when sh e would offer coffee and disappear until the caffeine kicked in.Can I bring you something to drink?Coyote turned to the cocktail waitress and stared into her cleavage. Yes, he said.The waitress held a pen ready over a cocktail napkin. What can I bring you?Coyote shot a glance to a woman at the table who was drinking a mai tai, resplendent with paper parasols and sword-skewered tropical fruit. He grabbed the womans drink and downed half of it, nearly taking his eye out with the ductile broadsword. One of these, Coyote said. He replaced the drink in front of the woman, who didnt seem to notice that it had been missing. Shed been riding the alcohol-and-caffeine roller coaster for hours and was absorbed in winning back her childrens college fund.Bets down, Lady Lihn said. Coyote put a single red chip on black and the ball was dropped. Coyote watched the ball race around the outside of the wheel. When it slowed and dropped to the numbers he reached for his bet.No touch bet, Lady Lihn sn apped. In an instant the pit boss, the cocktail waitress, and two security jesters in steel-toed elf shoes were at Coyotes side. The trickster pulled his hand back. It will be hard to trick these people, Coyote thought. They talk like wolves, all twitches and gestures and smells.The ball dropped into a red slot and Lady Lihn placed another red chip next to Coyotes. I win, I win, I win, Coyote chanted. He did a skipping dance around the table and sang a mastery song.Above the casino, in a mirrored dome, a video camera picked up Coyotes dancing image and sent it to a deck of monitors where three men watched and, in turn, watched each other watch. One pressed a button and picked up a telephone. M.F., he said. This is God. Customer service on table fifty-nine. The Indian you were talking to a few minutes ago. Watch him.Im on it, Minty Fresh said. He turned to the girl who was working behind the computer. God wants me on the floor.The girl nodded. As Minty walked by her she sang softly, He knows when you are sleeping. He knows when youre awake.Minty Fresh smiled. He really didnt mind being watched. Because of his size, people had always watched him. He had never blended into any background, never entered a room unnoticed, never been able to sneak up on someone. Attracting attention was as natural to him as being. And for every original-thinking dolt who asked him how the weather was up there, there was a woman who wanted to research the wives tale of proportional hand-foot-penis size. (A tale, Minty thought, dreamed up by the ungratified wives of small-footed men.)Minty spotted the Indian at the roulette table. The two security jesters had moved off a few feet but were still watching, as was the pit boss. When Minty came to the table they nodded in acknowledgment and moved off. The croupier looked at Minty and immediately looked back to the bets on the table. Minty Fresh put her on edge. It wasnt his size that rattled her, but the fact that no one was exactly sure what his job was, only that when there was a problem, he was there. He handled things.Lady Lihn dropped the ball into the wheel. It raced, then rattled into a slot, and she raked all the bets off the table. Coyote cursed and let out a howl. The woman playing next to him staggered back and wandered away, carrying visions of her children wearing paper hats and saying, I was going to go to college, but my mother went to Vegas instead. Would you like fries with that?Coyote looked at Minty Fresh. She was bad luck. I lost half of my chips because of her.Perhaps you should move to a different table, Minty said. We can open a private table just for you.Coyote grinned at Minty. You think you have a table where you can trick me?No, sir, Minty said, a little embarrassed. We dont wish to trick you.Theres nothing wrong with tricking people. They pay you to be tricked.We like to think of it as entertainment.Coyote laughed. Like movie stars and magicians? Tricksters. People want to be tricked. Bu t you know that, dont you? He picked up his chips and walked to a crap table.Minty thought for a moment before following the Indian. He prided himself on being able to handle any situation with complete calm, but he found dealing with this Indian made him nervous, and a little afraid. But of what? Something in the eyes. He moved in behind Coyote, who was throwing chips on the crap table.You cant bet the numbers until the point has been made, sir, said the stickman, a thin, balding man in his forties. He pushed Coyotes chips back across the table. The stickman looked over Coyotes head and nodded to Minty Fresh before pushing the die to the shooter. Place your bets, he said, and the leads working at either end of the table check over the bets on the felt. New shooter coming out, the stickman said.A blond woman in a business suit and perfect newswoman makeup picked up the dice and blew on them. Come on, seven, she said. Baby needs new shoes.Coyote twisted his neck to look at Minty F resh. Does talking to them work?Minty nodded to the table as the woman let fly with the dice, rolling a two.Snake eyes the croupier said.Lizard dick Coyote shouted back.The blond woman cursed and walked away from the table. The stickman shot a glance to Minty, then continued. Two. Craps. No pass. No come. Place your bets. New shooter coming out. He pushed the dice to Coyote, who threw a handful of black chips on the table and picked up the dice.You are small, but I am your friend, Coyote said to the dice. You have beautiful spots. He pulled the rawhide pouch from his belt and poured a fine grind on the dice.You cant do that, sir, the stickman said.Minty Fresh gently took the dice from Coyote and handed them to the boxman, who sat across from the stickman watching an enormous rack of chips that was the tables bank. He inspected the dice, then gave them to the stickman, who dropped them in his tray and pushed a fresh pair to the trickster.What is this, shade? Coyote said. The shaman gets to use his power stick but I cant use my cheating powder?Im afraid not, Minty said.Coyote picked up the new dice and chucked them to the end of the table.Eight Easy, the stickman said.Did I win? Coyote asked Minty.No, now you have to roll another eight before you roll a seven or eleven.Coyote rolled again. The dice showed a pair of fours.Eight. Winner. Hard way, the stickman chanted. The dealer placed a stack of black chips next to Coyotes bet.Ha, Coyote said, taunting Minty Fresh. See, I am good at this game.Very good, Minty said with a smile. You roll again.Coyote placed the closing of his chips on the table. The dealer immediately shot a glance to the boxman, who looked to Minty Fresh. Minty nodded. The boxman nodded. The dealer counted Coyotes chips and stacked them on the pass line. Playing twenty-one thousand.Coyote threw the dice.Two the stickman said. The dealer raked in Coyotes chips and handed them to the boxman, who stacked the racks in the table bank.I lost? Coyote said incredulously.Sorry, Minty said. But you didnt crap out. You can shoot again.Ill be back, Coyote said. He walked away and Minty followed him through the casino, into the lobby, and out the door. Coyote handed the valet ticket to a kid named Squire Jeff, then turned to Minty, who stood by the valet counter.Ill be back with more money.Well hold a place for you, sir, Minty said, relieved that the Indian was leaving.I was just learning your game, shade. You didnt trick me.Of course not, sir.Squire Jeff pulled up in the Mercedes, got out, and waited with his hand out. Coyote started to get into the car, then stopped and looked at the valet. He took the pouch from his belt and poured a bit of powder into the kids hand, then got in the car and drove away.Minty felt a wave of relief wash over him as he watched the Mercedes cross the drawbridge. Squire Jeff, still holding his care out, turned to Minty Fresh.What am I supposed to do with this?You could snort it.Squire Jeff sniffed at t he powder, then wrinkled his nose and brushed the powder from his hand. Fucking Indian. You work inside, right?Minty nodded.Squire Jeff looked Minty up and down. You play any ball?One year, UNLV.Injury?Attitude, Minty said. He walked back into the casino.

Importance and uses of contrastive linguistics Essay

IntroductionContrastive philology, roughly defined as a subdiscipline of linguistics which is concerned with the comparison of two or more (subsystems of) oral communications, has pertinacious been associated primarily with language teaching. Apart from this applied aspect, however, it also has a strong theoretical function, contributing to our understanding of language typology and language universals. The study of two languages in contrast, here called contrastive analysis, has been referred to by a variety of names, not all of which mean the same to all generators. One butt end find the following foothold used contrastive studies, contrastive language studies, contrastive linguistics, applied contrastive studies, contrastive rendering and some others. contrastive analysis investigates the differences in the midst of pairs (or small sets) of languages against the background of similarities and with the purpose of providing input to applied disciplines such as foreign langu age teaching and reading studies. With its largely descriptive focus contrastive linguistics provides an interface in the midst of theory and application. It makes use of theoretical findings and models of language description but is driven by the objective of applicability. Contrastive studies mostly deal with the comparison of languages that are socio-culturally conjugated, i.e. languages whose speech communities overlap in some way, typically through (natural or instructed) bilingualism . Much progress has been made in classifying the languages of the earth into genetic families, each having capitulation from a single precursor, and in tracing such developments through time. The result is called proportional linguistics. Of even greater importance for the future technology of thought is what cleverness be called contrastive linguistics. This plots the outstanding differences among tongues in grammar, logic, and general analysis of experience.A major influence on the devel opment of the contrastive analysis approach has been the interest shown in it by language teachers and learners, and much CA has been undertaken with language teaching rather than translation in mind. One backside prevent development of errors through a prior contrastive analysis and error analysis, leading to the development of appropriate teaching materials toreinforce correct language learning.Relevance and uses of contrastive linguisticsThe relevancy of CL to translationThe emphasis of much of the work on CL on teaching and language learning raises questions about its relevance to translators. At a pragmatical level, it is probably most useful in pointing out areas where direct translation of a term or phrase will not conduct accurately in the second language the intended meaning of the first. At a global level, it leads the translator to look at broader issues such as whether the bodily social system of the discourse for a given text-type is the same in both languages. Fur thermore, although Contrastive Analysis is widely practised, there are a number of theoretical and practical problems in its application, all of which must affect judgements as to its usefulness in preparing or evaluating translations. on that point is some overlap between these problems, but they can tho be related to specific difficulties of identifying a common ground for comparison, comparing descriptions of different languages, taking account of psycholinguistic and sociocultural factors, and taking account of extratextual and intertextual factors. Identifying a common ground for comparisonAll comparisons require that there be a common ground against which variation whitethorn be noted, a unvaried that underlies and makes possible the variables that are identified. Fonnal similarity is unreliable for several reasons. In the first place, a particular grammatical structure in one language may be a requirement while in another it may be one quality amongst several in the secon d place, the choice represent by a grammatical structure in one language may have a different significance in that language from the choice represented by an apparently equivalent structure in another language .in the third place, in one language a particular structure may be unmarked while in another it may be marked. A pair of sentences might be semantically and/or pragmatically equivalent but have widely varying likelihoods of occurrence in the languages from which they are drawn. A simple example of all these points is that of the Portuguese expression muito obrigado/a and the English expression much obliged. Theseare syntactically and semantically comparable but have a different likelihood of occurrence, muito obrigado/a being the common way of thanking in Portuguese and much obliged being a rare and more restricted usage than thanks a lot (and other related expressions) in English. Comparing descriptions of different languagesApart from the real but unavoidable problems aris ing out of comparisons of descriptions that utilize different linguistic models, there are problems that come up even between descriptions that utilize the same categories and theoretical framework.Understanding between and among disparate cultures has challenged mankind throughout history and clearly, communication, intercultural communication, is a key element in achieving understanding. We view a disciplined, linguistic approach to the study of intercultural communication, an approach that includes the building of linguistic corpora, research in contrastive rhetoric, and practical, real life application of the best practices learned, can provide valuable insights toward achieving understanding among cultures The relationship between contrastive analysis and translation The relationship between CL and translation is bidirectional. On the one hand, the translation of specific pieces of text may provide the data for CL On the other, CL may provide explanations of difficulties enco untered in translation.The crucial factors here are what sizing of language sample has been chosen for translation, whether it is naturally occurring or fabricated for the purpose, and whether the translation is the analysts own. Though the focus of CL may continue to skid towards pragmatics and discourse analysis, its use in translation is not inevitable. It is however unlikely that it can be dispensed with completely either in the training of translators or in the assessment of translations, even in its more traditional lexico-grammatical manifestations CL has arisen as a result of the needs of the language teaching profession and this communicate is no exception in that one of its major objectives is to provide teachers with assistance in the use of parallel concordancing in the classroom.It gives valuable evidence for translators on the transferability of trusted collocations and colligations from one language to another. The future of CLs use in translation may well lie in p rojects such as this, which are capable of providing with equalfacility explanations of past translating decisions and guidance as to prospective ones.As a useful learning toolKnowledge and understanding of languages is progressively important, and this course focuses on how such knowledge can be applied. It alleviates learners know more clearly and finding similarities and differences between them, thereby detecting errors, which bilingual learners a great deal make, and how to fix. This assignment is based on contrastive linguistics. It uses many methods, especially contrastive method and surveys on grammatical aspect of these words. This study uses one-way transfer. We find a lot of two languages differences which may be make errors in structure and semantics. It is useful for bilingual learners to find mistakes which they can meet. Contrastive linguistic gives a comparative method to translate a learners thinking in an informed way. Giving structure to his/her intuitive relat ionship to the language. This bilingual approach in cl saves the students infinite time and labour. It has been proven that students learn faster and more effectively using it.Since it is our nature to compare, Contrastive Linguistics is the technique that clarifies our understanding of the language. For learners, similarities between languages cause no difficulties, while differences cause interference to learning. Through Contrastive Linguistics we can target and resolve the typical difficulties and Common Mistakes of our students. We can envision aspects that would not normally be noticed without such comparison. Bi-lingual comparative courses overlap in fruitful collaboration with other approaches. They clear away students deep-rooted mistakes and indue teachers with the answers to many of their students doubts.In Language TeachingThe change that has to take place in the language behavior of a foreign language student can be equated with the differences between the structure o f the students native language and culture and that of the target language and culture. The task of the linguist is to identify these differences. The task of the writer of a foreign language teaching program is to develop materials which will be based on a statement of these differences the task of the foreign language teacher is to be aware of these differences and to be prepared to teach them the task of the student is to learn them.Importance of CL due to growing demandThere is a growing demand from both public and private sectors for professionals combining excellent language skills and sound linguistic theory and methodology. You study linguistic theory, description and methodology with a particular focus on corpus approaches and a strong multilingual component with high relevance for language professionals, especially in the field of foreign/second language learning, teaching (and testing), linguistics focusing on usage-based models and methods in language research and their applications, especially in multilingual contexts. It help students acquire the ability to read, write, speak, and understand world languages reach maximum capability with respect to communications, effective reasoning, and analytical thinking to educate students for living and working in a competitive global society.. As the field of linguistics became more accepted as a discipline, other scholars from different fields began to incorporate language-related topics into their work. Contrative Linguistics found its way into sociology, anthropology, language arts, foreign language learning and teaching. It helps the translators to analyse the basic meaning and gist of the second language giving them an edge in interpretation jobs .

Cafe Coffee Day Essay

IntroductionThe given case is based on CCD the largest cocoa berry retailer in India. It started operation since 1996 by V.G Sinddharth. CCD pioneered the caf concept in India by grade 2000 the company had barely 14 outlets in 6 cities. It was after year 2000 the company started on a massive expansion program that has been it set up nearly 1000 outlets in India in ten years. The caf drinking chocolate mean solar mean solar day is owned by ABC Ltd which is the largest producer of Arabic burnt umber in Asia. there were many move made by caf coffee day.It was caf coffee day the made coffee drinking popular among India youth by offering a brand experience environment and other value addition. There is much different type of formats for its cafs deal High street caf, garden caf, centre caf, Highways caf etc. Caf coffee day today has become the largest youth aggregate for a marketing. Stand point the success has come by focusing on 3A Accessibility, Affordalibility, and Acceptab ility coined by Bidisha Nagaraj, the marketing president of caf coffee day. The amalgamated bean is among Indias top two coffee producers exporters with 10500 acres of coffee plantations in chik magalur company has 3 formats to focus on its customers caf coffee day lounge the premium format for the elite customers. The caf coffee day square the caf coffee day for the large number for the large number of regular customers.Review of literatureThe coffee market in India has been growing due to the demand for train to drink coffee and it has become a part of an individuals daily concepts basket. It is caf coffee day that understand the changing trends in the tastes and preferences of the consumers. Caf coffee day is no longer the place for just some coffee cookie and music. In a survey done by brand equity (economic times), the consumer class-conscious caf coffee day to be the 22nd place most trusted service brand of the country 2014 compared to that 2013.The main expertise of caf c offee day is in the service retailing of the coffee while they carry out operation sector also.The role of service employees is very important for the success of any work organization, especially those that process people and internal marketing rump help firms to deliver service excellence. Service excellence means delivering what the customer wants at the origin encounter for caf coffee day there is a lot of competition in the leverage industry. The newly emerged player TATA Starbucks Ltd Starbucks expanded its presence to Delhi in January 2013 by opening two outlets at terminats3of the Indira Gandhi international airport and later itopened a combination of standard outlets located at malls, airports, metro station, and other divers(a) commercial complexes.It took six years for caf coffee day to open 35 outlets on other hand the star buck-TATA alliance is planning to half nose candy in a little more than a year. There were already competitors like Barista, java green, and Mach o. Parts from Starbuck there are various international players like Costa coffee, Illcafe etc. which are trying to enter the Indian market. These market situations have a deep impact on the operations of caf coffee day to gain back its lost customers and also to get the potential customers do so.One central problem that has retarded the growth of the coffee business is the fictitious character of staff available in the sector. Like the rest of the retail sector getting good staff training them in coffee and service aspects and retaining them is a costly undertaking. Analyst estimates that there is a turnover of around 40 per cent for the industry among the highest in the organized business sector.To sustain the present customer In the marketing context it is said that the relations with the customer should be such that dont have to go to the competitors. So the needful renovations should be bought into considerationTo maintain the standard The coffee chain businesses have been many changes since their start. The standardization is where they fail badly. The taste of a coffee or snacks being offered international the main outlets is rarely the same as compared to those being provided in the main outlet.Make effective marketing strategies The prime concern of the caf coffee day outlets should be based upon the 7ps of the service marketing mix so as to get the best of the marketing result.Cutting tweak prices- The prices should be sliced down so that even if CCD are operating in rural areas their sales testament rise. Moreover people should not think twice before enjoying their coffee in ambient environment.Flexible menu- The menu of CCD should evolve their menu constantly after certain period of time. Maintaining their key status i.e coffee , their should be additions to local tastes in terms of eatables. This strategy will surely attract people.For the purpose of the study two research tools can be used some(prenominal) questionnaire ,to find out the prim ary data pertaining to functioning and working of CCD with reference to consumer perception and sales strategy. The data will be provided by asking1.The wariness of CCD. 2.The consumers that are visiting CCD outlets.Besides collecting the primary data through questionnaire , secondary data will also be compile through magazines, journals ,books , meshwork . Based on both the data , analysis will be done in the areas of excellence and areas of improvement. The areas of excellence and improvement will be identify on factual information in which recommendations and suggestions will be provided for the overall improvement of the organization. The study will be conducted in CCD of LPU and phagwara. look for DesignTypes of Research- Descriptive research.Descriptive research includes surveys and fact findings enquiries of different kinds. The main characteristic of this research is that the researcher has no control over the variables he can only report what is happening or what has hap pened already.Data SourceThe data is collected from both primary and secondary sources.a. Primary sources= The data will be collected from at least 50 respondents directly.b. Secondary sources- The secondary data will be collected via online , sales department of CCD and CCD product manuals.Questionnaire DesignAppropriate questionnaire will be formed with relevant questions. The questionnaire will help the interviewer to take the interview or take a proper direction. The questionnaire will act as a guide to interviewer to collect all the necessary information and input from the costumer so that the better feedback of the costumer and information about brand awareness can be properly collected.Questionnaire- The questions that will be presented to costumers will either be open ended or close ended.Open ended- Allows respondents to answer in their own words and are difficult to interpret and tabulate.Close ended- Pre specify all the possible answers and are easy to interpret and tabul ate.Types Of Questions Included divided Questions- Which has only two answers yes or no. Multiple choice - Costumer is offered more than two options. Importance scale- A scale that rates the brilliance of some attribute. Rating scale- A scale that rates the attribute from highly satisfied to highly unsatisfied and very in businesslike to very efficient.Sample DesignWho is to be surveyed? The market researcher must define the target population that will be sampled.The a sample units that will be taken are- general public of different age groups , different gender and different genders .Reference1. Aaker, David, Building Strong Brands ,The Free Press, Printed in the joined States Of America, Year 1996.2. Aaker, David, Strategic Brand Management ,Prentice Hall, Printed in the United States Of America, Year 1989.Toshowe, Stanley, The Marketing Review Caf Retail, The India chapter, Volume86, Number 336, Jan2005, page-36.www.cafecoffeeday.com Search engines Case StudyInternational co ffee organization- Total production of exporting countries. http//www.indiacoffee.org/coffeeinindia/database-jan-2007.htm coffee get on of indiadatabase on coffee. 8. A .Santa Ram. Breeding coffee for leaf rust resistance the Indian experience. 9. http//www.indiacoffee.org/coffeeinindia/database_may07-1.pdf coffee board of India area, production, and productivity.

Casestudy of admin user

The dodging to be utilize will be an arsenal dodging of SC Officers (SIT Student Council) containing all information regarding SC officers, task , schedules of duties, projects update, announcement and Adman messages for members and accomplishment report. The main functionality of this system Is to make It easy to distribute and view Information needed with Just a few clicks. 1. 2. 1 General Objective To provide services appropriate related to the priority of each task of officers. It may be measurable to control consistent service over a set of tasks. Members schedules, personal information, task etc. Will be updated. 2_2 Specific Objectives The specific objective of the project is to take over every members need for real time information. By using a system uniform this, the members kitty easily view their specific task and important matters. 1. 3 Signifi skunkce of the Study This will allow users to have a peckerwood to access related Information that will help them In se e their schedule and task, announcement and project updates. This can also help Adrian and president In monitoring the members progress. Members will also has a benefit from this system in terms of getting the information, announcements ND separate concern of the advertizer.This tool will also help adman in assessing their members standings and performing quick resolutions to augment their implementation when they view their account from the scheduling system. 1. 4 Scope and Limitations This project will help the members view the following Information. Schedule Task Announcement Messages Project Updates This tool should be updated so that the members and adman can get accurate and credentials form to access the system, same with the adman for security purposes. This system is for the SC Officers only. This system cannot be access using mobile. . 0 Methodology of the Study The education sector is playing a vital role in shaping how the abutting generation of information technolog y market will lead with more advances to streamline every rules and specification process. School universities and colleges have adopting the aspect of developing systems and political program applications for the advancement of opportunity for improvements. Like every other school institution SIT has also its own learner organization that design to help other student of different level and courses address basic issues and encores.The organization comprises with selected students with dedicated and have a high sense of responsibility as a student from workplace and with the co- students. Our project squad is composed of five members and one of the developers is an officer of SIT Student Council that initiates to propose and established a tailored and custom backdrop application called Scheduling System that would benefit and streamlined its veritable process for (SC) SIT Student Council as our give the axe user target knob. The software like Visual Basic.Net as one of the in demand cutting edge littoral technology of Microsoft is the team choice to use by its advantages. With this kind of software and its capability it can create a more flexible user design and user experience as the front end leverage in working with different type of back end infobases. However, team decide to use the Myself software as our database where we connect the tables and query we have created as our data source. It has different type such as the log in form where registered user can only access like Adman and officers.Next form is where you can see the personal information, schedule task, embers logs, announcement, messages, password reset and projects. Next form can be seen each account of every officer, their task and schedules, announcement from the adman and projects. Next form is where can be seen project proposal and messages. The system designed to create a centralize information for each member to have intercourse their workloads, task, events, and other assigned roles.Advantages Officers can view listed task Officers can view scheduled events Adman can managed collaborative information of officers task Adman can view logs for attendance officers The system is windows base and hosted only at school Can be use for present and future batch of student council The system is limited for student council only Members can view at the school only The system cannot be implemented online Tailored desktop application implemented where the local server is hosted within the school infrastructure only.Maintenance is administered with the help of school staff and member of the council. The project development has its few high lights such as closely working with the team, scheduled a weekly meetings over nights, create a well documented task and to cos, dig the research and development, learn the team collaboration, increase technical expertise. 3. 0 Data Gather and Procedure and Output The team agreed to use the personal interviews by getting their statemen t and opinions from its current process with an opportunity of improvements.Provide like a survey form or questionnaires with some set of specific questions considering related concerns to the organization. The close coordination with the clients that help us gives the finespun insights of how we are going to start the design, development, and implementation. The more important aspects are to ensure the well documented of every detailed business rules and specification requirements gathered from the end user.Project milestone and timeliness are closely monitored to meet the target deliverable of the project. An established high level to low level diagram process period of time help sustain the development stage of the software life cycle. User acceptance testing is the crucial part by working closely with the client to ensure in meeting all the requirements upon deployment. Final implementation and deployment is happen after user acceptance testing provided with team maintenance a nd support.

The Relationship Between Judged Attraction and Assumed Wealth

The Relationship mingled with Judged Attraction and Assumed Wealth A Psychological aim Whether a person is aware of it or not, everywhere they go, they are mentally opinion multitude and creating an opinion about opposites without necessarily ever even clash them. These judgments screw be based off of simple air, or actions, or any other sort of visible aspect of a person. Simply put, existence are judgmental creatures. One of the most(prenominal) common aspects of a persons life that is judged from outside appearance is riches.Assumedly, if a person dresses well, they must countenance m stary to buy such a wardrobe. Though this is certainly not always the case, peck generally assume that what is on the outside is reflected on the inside. In this arena, peoples visual interpretation of a person and the persons assumed wealth will be examined. The participants will be shown pictures of stochastic people of various wealth and asked to judge their pecuniary net worth. The variables being studied through this audition are conceived prepossessing feature and monetary success.The goal of this experiment is to find a coefficient of correlation between the two. Many studies concerning this phenomenon perplex been performed in the past and many books on the subject of hook have been written. The relationship between somatogenic attractiveness and monetary worth has been an interest for scientists for many years. As long as on that point has been social divide, people through the ages have been judging others wealth by their appearance, whether people have been conscious of it or not.These studies have been important because these two variables (attractiveness and wealth) have also been linked to propensity and favorability, two of the most unique and profound of human emotions, as will be discussed in the following In an experiment conducted at Georgia Confederate University by researchers Dawson and McIntosh, the relationship between wealth, at tractiveness, and desirability was examined (Dawson & McIntosh, 2006). Dawson and McIntosh believed that men looked for physical attractiveness in women, whereas women looked for material resources (wealth) in men.Alternatively, the experimenters predicted that if men and women were less advantageous in these physical and monetary traits, they would compensate with other ad hominem traits, such as record. Participants to be judged for the experiment were randomly chosen from Yahoo Personals. Members of the opposite sex because rated the attractiveness of the participants and generated adjectives that were believed to describe the participant. For the male participants, it turned out that if they were considered less attractive or cockeyed by the raters, their profile would emphasize of other positive personal characteristics.On the other hand, for the females, in that respect was a trending phenomenon that if a profile emphasized greatly on the womans physical attractiveness, i t concentrated little on other personal characteristics. However, there was no relation between how physically attractive the rater found the participant and what other positive characteristics were used to describe the participant. Dawson and McIntosh (2006) believed that their hypothesis was moderately supported. The judgments that people make on a persons physical attractiveness can influence much much than the assumed size of his or hers wallet.These judgments can influence decisions as important as whom to vote for in government elections. This phenomenon was studied by Hart, Ottati, and Krumdick at the University of Alabama and Loyola University. They hypothesized that the more attractive a vista was, the more memorable their campaign was (Hart, Ottati, & Krumdick, 2011). Hart et. al. (2011), explored this by showing participants photos of potential candidates (all Democrat) along with campaign policies.The photos and study was then removed and the participants were asked to recite all the information that they could regard as about each candidate and answer various questions regarding their attitudes and standpoints about the candidate and his or her campaign. The results show that those who were considered novices on the subject matter, being those that were unable to remember the candidates specific campaign and policy points, seemed to favor those that they found more physically attractive. Alternatively, those that were considered experts on the campaign material seemed to favor the less attractive of the candidates (Hart et. l, 2011). One aptitude ask, however, what exactly is it of a person physique that lead people the judge them as attractive? While most people look at a persons overall appearance and make judgments based on that, there are much subtler cues that a person subconsciously picks up on. severally persons tastes are unique, and different cues appeal to different people. Author Gordon L. Patzer Ph. D. described some of these cu es in his book The Physical Attractiveness Phenomena (1985). Overall Patzer believed that personality was the main contributing factor. While physical first impressions are important, personality is what a person really remembers.A good impressions is key. If a person makes a no-account impression of themselves upon meeting someone, their negativity or foolishness will forever live on in he or shes new improprietys eyes. After personality, however, traits that spark attraction become much more minute and specific. First, Patzer believed that height was a key contributor. Women have a tendency to be attracted to a man taller than herself, though not towering. Men, on the other hand, are attracted to women who are shorter than himself, but not unpro rata so. Even if one does not consciously detect it, they are taking note of everyones height that they meet.People also take notice of someones facial aspects, such as shape of the jaw, hairline, etc. (Patzer, 1985). Specific combinat ions of all of these aspects, plus many more, determine how attractive a person finds another. Whereas none of these traits have an scientific relation to personal wealth, they do sportsman a key role on how attractive someone is initially judged as. Whenever a person meets someone new, they subconsciously judge the strangers appearance and determine what level of attraction if had towards the stranger, even if there is no intent to pursue romantically.Other assumptions then stem off of this initial judgment of attraction. One of the most common is the movement to judge a strangers wealth by their appearance and personal attraction. Scientists have been exploring the relationship between attractiveness and monetary value for years. The following study essays to spread more light on the subject. Methods This study was designed to determine the correlation between attractiveness and perceived wealth. Variables were delimit as how personally attractive the subjectors found the est ranged participants pictured versus how monetarily wealthy the stranger was based on the surveyors attraction.The data was collected using a Likert scurf to represent attractiveness and a scale with different levels of wealth. The results from the experiment allowed for the ratings of perceived wealth to be compared to the rating of attractiveness and discover if a correlation did in fact exist between the two. Based on the results of the previous study, Attributions of physical attractiveness (Johnson, & MacEachern, 1985) attractiveness should influence the perception of desirable traits, such as wealth.This whitethorn result for a multitude of reasons to be discussed in the future. Participants The participants stressd were the 10 females and 10 males pictured in the slide show. The participants varied all ages, ethnicities, and states of wealth in an attempt to make the samples characteristics representative of the public and mildly random. All participants were retrieved off of Google with some strategy to make sure that characteristics were varied in an attempt to be representative, making it a stratified sample.Also participating were the surveyors who rated the sample of participants. The surveyors consisted of a cluster sample of the Flagler College PSY 253 class. The sample totaled 17 12 females and 5 males. Considering that the sample consisted of college students, assumedly between the ages of 19 and 22, the surveyors were not necessarily representative of the public but alternatively of college students in general. The participating surveyors received no compensation other than class participation and attendance points, which were awarded simply for showing up to the class. MaterialsFor the experiment, a Powerpoint was used with 20 photos of participants, strangers to the surveyors, obtained off of Google 10 pictures of females and 10 pictures of males, one per slide. Materials also included a paper survey handout on which the participants woul d record their responses. The survey consisted of two scales, one Likert scale rating attractiveness and one rating wealth. The Likert scale ran from 1-10 with one with the least attractive and ten the most and the scale for wealth ran from Poor($0-1000)-Average($1000-999,999)-Millionaire-Billionaire (See Appendix A).The participants provided their own writing utensils (pens and pencils). Procedure All participating surveyors were given a angiotensin converting enzyme handout survey (See Appendix A) by the administrators and then instructed to record their gender on the handout. Each surveyors gender determined whether they would be in Group A (Females) or Group B (Males). Both groups were instructed that they would be shown a slide show consisting of pictures of different individuals of the opposite sex and asked to record their opinions on attractiveness and wealth on the paper survey provided for each picture shown.Each picture was shown for approximately ten seconds and a total ly of ten pictures were shown for each group. Group A was administered the survey first. The surveys were then collected by the administrators and a slideshow with ten different pictures was shown to Group B and the participants were asked to fill out the same survey as the prior group. The surveys were then collected by the administrators, concluding the experiment. Results Data was collected using a between subjects design. This experiment examined the correlation between how a person perceives attractiveness and how wealthy the person is then assumed to be.The experiment had two variables Variable 1, perceived attractiveness, and Variable 2, assumed wealth. Participants were administered a survey listing the two variables, Variable 1 was measured on a Likert Scale of 1-10, when Variable 2 was measured on a scale of 1 (Poor, $0=1,000), 2 (Average, $1,000-$999,999), 3 (Millionaire), and 4 (Billionaire). The mean value for Variable 1 was M=4. 12 with a standard deviation of SD=1. 13 314 and the mean value for Variable 2 was M=2. 36 with a standard deviation of SD=. 33066 (refer to Table 1).The median for Variable 2 was 3 and the mode is 2. The median and the mode for Variable 2 were both 2. The Pearson coefficient of correlation for the experiment was r=. 05 and the significance for each variable was p=. 891. This made the studys finding significant and that there is a strong correlation between our variables. Discussion At the beginning of the experiment, it was hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between how physically attractive someone was conceived as by a stranger and how wealthy they were assumed to be, judged on their rated attractiveness.At the end of the experiment, the results support this hypothesis. The significance of the variables was p=. 891, demonstrating that there is a high correlation between how attractive someone perceives a stranger and how wealthy the stranger is assumed to be, confirming the hypothesis. The positive correlation of the results suggests that the more attractive a person finds a stranger, the more monetary value the stranger is assumed to have. The Pearson Correlation was r=. 05 which proves that these results were reliable.The fact that r=. 05 means that the results were very specific, with few outliers, and can be condensed to a enwrapped ranged of results, which all fit in together to support the hypothesis. Also, the low standard deviations of SD=1. 12212 and SD=. 33066 show how little overall variation there is to the variable means among participants. The results of this study can be interestingly related to the results of other studies previously performed, while the studies themselves may not mirror each other.As discovered by Dawson and McIntosh (2006), men and women on dating websites, if considered less attractive, emphasis more of their personal traits (Dawson & McIntosh, 2006). Though it was not a component of the study being examined, some participants in the photo s, when less attractive, svelte better, in fancier clothing, while those who were deemed more attractive tended to wear less flashy clothes. Perhaps if a person does not consider themselves to be physically appealing, they will try to look nice in other ways in public, such as clothing.Previously discussed, an experiment by Hart, Ottati, and Krumdick (2011) revealed that voters are more liable(predicate) influenced by and likely to remember candidates that are perceived as more physically attractive and tend to think higher said attractive candidates (Hart et. al, 2011). This could have a relation to the current experiment in the respects that the survey takers may have had higher expectations of the participants monetary value if considered more attractive. This could be because people have a tendency to hold high hopes and expectations for those they find desirable.The experiment at hand has no relation, however, to the third theory Previously discussed by Patzer (1985). Patzer (1985) believed that there is a combination of specific attributes that causes a person to be attracted to another person. A specific feature that Patzer discussed was height, being that females prefer taller men and males vice versa (Patzer, 1985). However, there was no way for the surveyors to judge the participants height to their own through the pictures shown during the survey. For this experiment at least, height had nothing to do with personal attraction or attractions relation to wealth.There were very few flaws to this experiment that would have altered the results. The only obvious flaw was the issue of sexual orientation. For appraise ease, the experimenters divided the groups into male and female, rather than by sexual orientation because while attracted to males and attracted to females are two clear groups, there may have been bisexuals in the cosmos and they would not have been able to take the survey twice. So though some surveyors may have felt that they were in t he wrong group and it may have had an effect on the results, it effects were nothing detrimental.If repeated in the future, perhaps the experiment would involve surveys more catering to sexual orientation rather than being limited to division of gender. On the other hand, while there may have been a flaw, there was no experimenter bias because each participants counteract wealth was never hinted at until the end. Also, it was impossible for the surveyors to develop practice effects because the survey involved no technique or talent. Also, there was no difficultness level so there was no floor or ceiling effects. In conclusion, the original hypothesis was supported.There was a positive correlation between perceived attractiveness and assumed monetary wealth, this meaning the more attractive a person found a stranger, the person then tended to assume the stranger proportionately more wealthy. There may be more triggers behind this phenomenon but judging by the survey results, the co rrelation was at least fueled by the attractiveness variable. References Dawson, B. L. , & McIntosh, W. D. (2006). Sexual strategies theory and internet personal advertisements. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9 (5). Retrieved from http//research. flagler. du9005/ehost/detail? vid=11&hid=110&sid=29028bce-cb55-42c1-b1e2-571b81dcc38f%40sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=aph&AN=22677445 Hart, W. , Ottati, V. C. , Krumdick, N. D. (2011). Physical attractiveness and candidate evaluation a model of correction. Political Physology, 32 (2). Retrieved from http//research. flagler. edu9005/ehost/detail? vid=5&hid=110&sid=29028bce-cb55-42c1-b1e2-571b81dcc38f%40sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=aph&AN=58702305 Patzer, G. L. (1985). The physical attractiveness phenomena. Los Angeles, CA Plenum shrink

Women in the Workplace

From running for president, making up over half of the stimulateforce, managing some of the worlds most roaring companies, and earning almost 60% of university degrees in America and Europe, womens presence in the perishforce is to a greater extent prominent instantly than ever. This scotch empowerment of women is changing the workplace, as we know it. Only 20 years ago, women were viewed as only cap fit of unskilled jobs and were assumed to place marriage and children before having a cargoner.In todays society, women need more opportunities to have power over their lives and chose their c atomic number 18er path. In todays global economy, every country should be utilizing the talents of their women in their workforce. For galore(postnominal) countries, this progress has not been the same as America. For example, in Italy and Japan men employment rates are more than 20 percentage points high and womens employment rate is still below 50%. On average, women still earn signific antly less than men and are a nonage in go through management. Remarkable Social Change without ConflictThe economist found three surprising results from the increase of women in the workforce the lack of perquisite felt from women about their new opportunities, unmet expectations of womens occasion in the workforce and the lack of resistance from society, especi exclusivelyy men. The lack of celebration from women is believed to be because of the economic want of women to work. Today, most households are two-income and women have little choice as to whether they want to work or not. Their contribution is the only way for many households to maintain their shopworn of living after having children.Also, many young women take this opportunity to work for granted, because they have grown up in a welcoming environment where women were ever so part of the workforce. Although women are encouraged to enter the work force, only 2% are managers and less than 13% are board members. Men d ominate top management. America and Britains average full-time, female workers earn only about 80% as much as their male counterpart. Finally, most Americans are prosperous with women in the workforce with 9 out of 10 men are even comfortable with women earning more than they do.The minimal resistance to this social trend, especially by men, has allowed it to adapt rapidly and with little conflict. Contributing Factors to this Social Change A major explanation for increased women in the workforce is the sizeable amount of women who are university graduates and professional workers. Growth of higher education has increased womens value in the job market and has caused a shift in the woman role model as professional women, not just homemakers. According to The economic expert, in 1963, 62% of college-educated women were in the workforce whereas 46% of those who had a high school diploma.Today, 80% of American women with a college education are in the workforce in contrast to 67% wit h a high school diploma and 47% without one. Women are also educated in more marketable subjects such as business and management. In 1966, 40% of women obtained a degree in education and 2% in business and management. Where as today, 12% obtain degrees in education and 50% obtain degrees in business and management. Engineering and computer science are one of the few areas women are lagging in. Politics have had a major effect on this revolution. Feminists have made domestic slavery unacceptable.Feminists have also strongly criticize discrimination toward women in the work place. Weve even seen equal-rights acts passed in order to assure an equal playing ground in the work force for men and women of all ethnicities. Economic and technological forces have also played a role in the empowerment of women in the workforce. There has been a growing demand for women in the workforce. When strength was required to work, men had the advantage. The growth in the service sector and decline in t he manufacturing sector has made mentality more of a demand in the work force.This puts men and women on a more equal playing ground. Lastly, women have been more than willing and able to meet the demands of being in the workforce. Many factors play a role in this. For example, traditional cleaning is done easier and quicker than before. The contraceptive pill has allowed women to ride married late, increased their ability to invest in their careers, and allowed them to finish schooling instead of taking breaks due to childbirth. Major Challenges Faced with a Woman men Two major challenges have occurred with the increase of women in the workforce.First, women continue to be under-represented in top management, with only 2% in America and 5% in Britain, and are paid considerably less than men. Secondly, it is very demanding for women to manage both their career and their family. In America, 74% of bring ups believe they dont spend enough time with their children because they are constantly juggling their work and home life. In two-parent working households, childcare consumes a large proportion of the budget, but having one parent stay at home could result in much lower income for family expenses.Therefore, having only one income is not an option. Poor households are affected the most because of the large amount of poor mothers in the workforce and the unwillingness to spend public funds on childcare for these mothers. Career Woman vs. Motherhood As women pop off more and more prevalent in the workforce, they find themselves choosing between being successful in their careers and being a stay-at-home mother. Many women are in challenging careers in their 20s, leave in their 30s to have children and find it hard to return after their leave of absence.Of all the women who left work to have children, 93% of women wanted to return to work, but only 74% returned to work, only 40% returning full-time. Also, many women find the role of motherhood damaging to thei r professional career. Those women in corporate America who dont have children earn as much as men, where as mothers earn less and single mothers even less. The Economist explains that the cost of motherhood is great for women in professional careers because wages increase abruptly and schedules are very demanding.Many times executives are expected to work in numerous departments and travel often. Therefore, the gap ii pay and positions between men and women may be because women are measured exactly the same as men, not because of discrimination or unfair treatment. This trend is producing high cost on individuals and society because many professional women are eliminating motherhood altogether or are forced into the fertility industry when they do decide to have children. Solutions for these Challenges For the most part, people believe that this trend will handle itself.Others argue that brass intervention such as women quotas, state-funded daycares, extended paid maternity leave, parents salary, earlier preschool education, or the elimination of part-time jobs is necessary to fix these problems. The Economist discusses how these different alternatives have been used in other countries with success, but there is not enough evidence to show these measures have created the success. In fact, America has had many of the same results as these countries without taking such drastic measures.There are less dramatic steps that the American government can take to ameliorate and ease women into the workforce. These include alterations such as longer school days and shorter summer holidays or closing midday. The struggle with fixing problems from the social consequences of womens economic empowerment will continue for decades to come. The Future of Women in the Workforce This trend of women in the workforce is likely to continue to grow and is apparent throughout all aspects of business. The Economist predicts that by 2011, there will be 2. 6 million more female than m ale university students.The Bureau of Labor Statistics states that women already compose more than 2/3 of employment in 10 of the 15 job categories today. Many women are also opening their own business, doubling that of men in the last 10 years. Women will also benefit from the war for talent because of the ageing workforce and need for skill-dependent workers. Many firms are dividing hours differently such as judging hours annually instead of weekly, allowing them to come in early or late, allowing Fridays off as long as hours are made up, and even allowing husbands and wives to parcel out jobs.The corporate world is even making adjustments to encourage women into the workforce and help with the juggle of raising children and working such as rethinking promotional practices and sustain chat with mothers who are away from work due to their children, allowing them to work from home, or offering flexible scheduling. With the advancement of technology Internet, e-mail, and conferenc ing redesigning the workplace is much more possible.