Theory of Occupational Therapy

OT is the art (because it is very(prenominal) individualized) and attainment of enable engagment in everyday living, through craft of enabling hatful to actualize the occupations that bring up healsth and well-being and of enabling a just and comprehensive society (things that be done to advocate on their behalf in domain of education, funding and so forth ) so that lal peopl e may participate to their potential in the dialy occupations of heart.OT is the art (because it is very individualized) and science of enabling engagment in everyday living, through occupation of enabling heap to perform the occupations that foster healsth and well-being and of enabling a just and inclusive society (things that atomic turning 18 done to advocate on their behalf in world of education, funding etc. ) so that lal peopl emay participate to their potential in the dialy occupations of life.Theory of Ocupational Therapy OT is very lymph gland- centered how the individual defines the m ilitary action is what is important Hisotry of OT Early 1900s in that respect was a shift toward understanding that it was important to be healthy and happy- started for the most part in psychological health (started in psychological asylems with occupational aids) realized that when there were give jobs and were gistfullly occupied they got better quickerDunton 1919 occupation is as necessary to life as food and drink every humanity being should pass some(prenominal) physical and mental occupations all in all should buzz off occupations which they engoy, or hobbies unfor well-favored minds, sick bodies and sick souls may be healthed thru occupation thus ocupation was be as both the domain of concern and the theapeutic medium of occupational therapyWWI Diversional therapy to vary attention aside from detriment and illness The war lsted much womb-to-tomb so many more disbled than had anticipated, found that diverting attention a instruction from their physial probl ems really helped them War-aids the early Ots, helped adapt activities for soldiers to participate in society (worked mostly with individuals who had a loss of limb) 0s- 90s Therapeutic shift curative potential of actibities non occupation Enablement of sub statusful occupation focus on occupational roles in society First Canadian occupational therapy guidelines on client- centerd practice did non refer to occupation but rather to the therapeutic use of activeness Present focusing on enablement of gistful occupation focus on occupational roles in society not just about giving tribe something to doOccupation Groups of activities and tasks of everydy life, named, organized and given meaning by individuals and a culture, It iseverything plenty do to occupy themselves, including face after themselves (self-cargon0, enjouing life ( unemployed), and add to the sociable and economic fabric of their communities ( productivity) Shows that it is more than work they are human act ivities or tasks organized to fulfil a item function OccupationGroups of activities and tasks of everydy life, named, organized and given meaning by individuals and a culture, It iseverything tidy sum do to occupy themselves, including looking after themselves (self-care0, enjouing life (leisure), and contributing to the hearty and economic fabric of their communities (productivity) Shows that it is more than work they are human activities or tasks organized to fulfil a particular function Definitions Enabling occupationOT is necessary when solutions to engagement in the occupations of everyday living become a challenge, or are at risk of becoming a challenge when solutions to performing or good-natured in desired occupations become difficult Collaborating with people to choose, organize and perform occupations which people find useful or meaningful in a given surroundings Engage doing or participating, draw into, charter others, look at oneself, becomes occupiedTask set o f purposeful activities in which a person engages i. e paternity a report Activity basic unit of a task, anomalous pursuit that contributes to the completion of a task Occupation is braoder than either of these as it encompasses more than one task, while tasks encompass more than one activity Key Features of Occupations 1) Affects Health 2) organize time and brings structure to life 3) brings meaning to life ) are idiosyncratic very individualized occupations can likewise be maladaptive- risky, unhealthy, illegal and illicit eg. Smoking Basic Human require Dundons credo about occupation set ups how occupation is a basic human need Occupations provide people with a flow experience demands of an occuption are in harmony with the skills of the person and the environment in which the occupation is performed Determinants of HealthHealth is viewed as more than the absence of disease and is infuenced by what people do in everyday life In 20th century occupation was observed to have a motivating effect on wonded soldiers coming theater from war Alma Ata Declaration of Health for All by the Year 2000 do trenchant that health depends on people having meaninful occupations which provide them with housing, empoyment, fraternity and enjoymentSource of meaning Psychological motivation and volition are dependent on people finding meaning in the occupations that comprise their everyday life The meaning of an occupation is individual and culturally determined Meaning differs from purpose in occupation can be meaninful to person/ group without any distinctive purpose Source of PurposeThere is no universal classification of the purpose of occupation Canadian therapist defined 3 main purposes 1) self care, 2) productivity, and 3) leisure But it is relly determined by individual needs and desires within an environmental context Athough classification is arbitrary it offs a convenient and manageable way of explaing occupation to clients, professionals , also helps pro mpt Ots to think about the full figure of speech of occupations in a life Source of Choice and concur Control is more than choice.People may devise choices about their occupations but have junior-grade pull strings to act on choices. There is an element of personal control when people show persistence or find creative ways of following up on their choices. Contol is dependent on opportunities provided by the environment Source of Balance and Satisfaction Balance refers to the pattern of occupation everywhere days or years Personal views of balance are influenced by cultrual and other environmental expectations Descriptor Occupation can be utilise as a descriptor of hman deportments to provide brisk horizonsabout occupation occupational . Behaviour aspect or class of human action that encompasses mental and physical doing 2. Competence adequacy or sufficency in an occupational skill, get together all requirements of an environment 3. Dvelopmetn gradual change in occupatio nal behaviour over time, resulting from the growth and maturation of the individual in interaction with the environment 4. Performance the actual execution or carrying out of an occupation 5. lam usual or required occupations of an individual Person * Believe in worth of all persons holistic view New Canadian posture of Occupational Performance presents the person as integrated whole who incorporatses spirituality, loving and cultural experiences, and observable occupational performance Spirituality (uniquely and truly human) * Has unceasingly been important in canadian OT early badge that Ots ware visualised inegration of mind, body and spirtit * Recognizes inrinsic value and respecting their beliefs, values and goals, regardless of faculty, age or other characteristics * Consideration of S is a way of developing a clear appreciation for the uniqueness of each person in the occupational therapist-person racePerformance * OT has traditionally at break awayed to the perform acne components which contribute to successful engagement in occupation * 3 performance componants include 1. affective the domain that comprises social and emotional functions and includes both interpersonal and intrapersonal factors 2. cognitive (thinking) the domain that comprises all mental functions both cognitive and intellectual, and includes, among other things, perception, concentration memory etc 3. physical (doing the domain that comprises all seonsory, force and sensorimotor functions occupational performance the result of a dynamic relationship among eprsons, environment and occupation * refers to the ability to choose and satisfactorily perform meaninful occupations that are cultrually defined, and appropriate for looking after ones self, enjoying life, and contributing to the social ad economic fabric in a community * represents the actual execution or carrying out of occupation and is the experience of a person engaged in ocupation within an environment * person-en vironment congruence suggests the mutuality f humans and environment this helps ensure optimal occupational performanceOccupational vitality Course A readingal Perspective * An enlarging spiral diagram shows ones additive experience in occupational performance grows over time, purge if the number and diversity of occupations diminishes because of aging, disability, enviro, etc. * Occupational development may result in increasing complexity in some occupations but not thers development of self-care occupations may advance more quickly than development in productivity occupations or leisure may be omitted when self care and productivity are overwhelming Client Centred Practice Theme of being client centred in OT emerged in the early 1980s * CC practice refers to collaborative appraochs aimed t enabling occupation with clients who may be individuals, gorups, agencies, governments, corporations or others. Ots demonstrate respect for clients, involve clients indecisiveness making, adocate with and for clients in meeting clients needs, and otherwise choose clients experience and acquaintance CC practice refers to collaborative appraochs aimed t enabling occupation with clients who may be individuals, gorups, agencies, governments, corporations or others.Ots demonstrate respect for clients, involve clients indecision making, adocate with and for clients in meeting clients needs, and otherwise recognize clients experience and knowledge Started to emerge in the 1940s-mid 1960s started in social work * central theme is recognition of the autonomy of the indiviudal person even though persons are understood to be interdependent in their environment * It represents an ethical stance by occupational therapists based on democratic ideas of empowerment and justiceClient individuals who may have occupational problems arising from medical conditions, transitional difficulties, or environmental barriesr, or clients may be organizations hat influence the occupational pe rformance of particular groups or populations Translated into practice through proccess of enablement clients are participents in occupational therapy Recognizes that people are active participants in occupational performance, whereas teatment and caregiving forms of helping are utilise to people who are dependent on their helperEnabling refers to processes of facilitating, guiding, coaching, educating, prompting, listening, reflecting, encouraging, or otherwise collaborating with people so that individuals, groups and agencies or organizations have the means and opportnity to participate in shaing their consume lives. Guiding Principles for Enabling Occupation in Client-centred Practice * Base practive on client values, meaning and choice as much as mathematical * Listen to clients visions * Facilitaite processes for clients envisioning what might be possible * Support clients to visit risks/ consequences Support them to succeed, but also to risk and fail * Respect their admit syles of coping or bringing about change * Guide clients to separate needs from their own perspective * Facilitiate clients to choose outcomes that they define as meaninful even if OT doesnt agree * Encourage and actively facilitate clients to participate in decision-making partnership in tharpy, programme planning, and policy formation * Provide info that willing answer clients questions in making choices * Offer services that do not overwhelm clients with beuraucracy * Foster open, clear communication Invite them to use their strengths and lifelike cummunity supports CMOP-E Canadian Model of Ocupational Performance and Engagemet Occupational performance is the relationship between persons, enviro and ocuupation over persons lifespan It refers to the ability to choose, organize, and satisfacotily perform meaningful occupations that are culturally defined and age appropriate for looking after oness self, enjoying life, and contribuint to the social and economic fabric of a comm unity The CMOP graphically illustrates an occupational thereapy perspective on the dynamic relationship between persons, environment and occupation of all ersons Occupation occurs between person and environment Everytime you gain a new client you need to think about all the different split of the * Person (inner circle) The person in the middle converys Ots cient-cenred perspective, attends to the individuals occupational needs in his/her specific environment * spirituality (drive- essence) , * physical (strength, ROM, paralysis) * cognitive * affective (mood, mental health side) * Occupation (middle circle) * Selfcare * Productivity * Leisure * Environment (idea that occupation occurs in an environment) (outer circle) * Social Cultural (stigma based on religious view etc. culture of university/ family) * Institutional (policies, guidelines and practices about what can/cant do) * forcible (accessibility) Back to first example Competence- actual or potential ability to engage in occupation * Ex. If you arent a good cook you tend to do other things (frozen/ other person cooks) tend to not reach out to do things that you arent good at Deprivation prevented from taking part in occupation * Very important Development gradual change in occupational behaviour How do people shape and evolve into the occupational couse of their lives Identity how you see yourself related to occupational roles * Big part of how we see ourselves Pattern predictable way of doing occupation PRACTICE Client vs. long-suffering * Individuals are routinely called patients because they need to be taken care of (mainly in acute care) not a lot of choice in decision making Client-centred Practice In OT because you take into consideration what is important to YOU * cooperative relationship with clients * Clients as active participants in therapy * Client is at the centre of practice Respect for client wishes, goals, and variances Occupational Issues Clearly distinct from symptoms not dep ression, cognition etc Occupational issues BECAUSE of the health issue challenges to occupational engagment ex/ if you have left sided weakness an occupational issue may be writing, binding Occupational Performance Issue Someone with a head injury where there is no physical change but could be difference in organization Prioritizing OPIs If someone has a head injury and you make a list of all the things you are wondering about and they keep going that they are effecting them then you have to prioritize How do you prioritize come about out what is really important to the client * What is safe * Limitations 35 young-bearing(prenominal) Karen married with 2 kids aged 6 and 3 teaches JK, has SCI, uses manual wheelchair ? 10 Possible OPIs? kidskin sell ? Cooking? Active playing with Kids? driving force to work? Changing baby diapers? Intimacy with Spouse ? Cleaning ? Transfers? hygienics ? Social Activities Limited ? o 2 Priority OPIs? Child Care? hygienics ? o Trea tment for OPIs Using Occupation/Activity ? Child Care ? Policy change to increase social support? Hygiene? Shower Seat