Guide for employers Essay

Eliminating would mean developing a zero tolerance anti-bully policy while the work environment is being structured to incorporate a sense of autonomy and individual challenge. The best way is to define specific duties and responsibilities of every employee working in the organization. This shall give one a good reference of what and what not to do as covered by the job description. People management practices of managers and work systems must be determined like staff shortages, poorly defined jobs, and lack of policies and procedures including leadership styles. A good and strong HR is but appropriate when there is a need for control of attitude and behavior like when the bullies are the managers. It is high time that HR shall have a distinct place in the organizational chart like organization reengineering that will really make them effective in responding to employee’s problems like sexual harassment, bullies, and workplace violence. However bullying is not always intentional. Workplace diversity also plays a minor role in it when people do not seem to realize that the effects on seemingly innocent gestures or words on others may be perceived negatively and may have a detrimental effect brought about by relative cultural differences. The organization then is encouraged to carefully design and implement an equal opportunity or diversity policies to initiate culture change and work ethics like what is and what is not an acceptable behavior. This will of course lessen counterproductive behaviors. Allow no idle time, see to it that each one is performing and completing their job on time. Preoccupation with the task on hand makes employees look and observe other people less. Idle times promotes chatting and looking at other people’s personal businesses. HR of course shall make use of productivity tools measurement like man-machine charts to make sure that employees used their time wisely but not overworked. The organization must promote team empowerment and group dynamics leadership to care for the values, interest and emotional responses of the members while taking care of the interests of the organization. Develop a code of ethics that everyone is able to understand and follow. HR needed to establish an independent contact with employees and secretly conduct attitude surveys especially on departments where there is high statistics of staff turnover. Eliminate trouble spots by holding awareness seminar and providing a kind of online hotline where employees may be able to tell their problems to HR direct. It could be a tedious task reading emails and complaints but there is not much option better than open communication. Procedure must be developed in handling complaints regarding bullying. The easiest part is to make a blog as part of the company website and encourage employees to contribute. One can know if something is happening within the organization or not by the way they write. To manage stress, deep rooted problems even domestic ones, big organizations must be able to have a counselor (Tehrani 2001, p. 209) offline and online. If it is too expensive then the organization must be able to refer them to one that is not so expensive and that can closely work with HR. Domestic problems has greater tendency to get spilled out in workplaces. Stress and anxiety affects productivity and so employers must provide all the features that could eliminate such deficiency. Domestic violence is not just a private matter anymore because it could get spilled in the workplace anytime. Bullying breed bullying and violence breeds violence. Bully and violence complaints must be immediately responded, investigated and properly documented. This will also paved way to improving current anti-bully policy on hand. Since this is a problem of global dimension, there is a need to evaluate the violence prevention programs and refer any difficulties to an organization that specializes in the field. Employers must keep records of the bullying to help determine the reasons for the bully to be able to find relative solutions for it. The anti-bully policy must be made available in the company’s website along with the organization’s contact person for quick reference. Remember that one is dealing with the behavior and not with the person so it would be good to provide counseling and personal development programs too. References ACT Workcover 2004 Preventing workplace bullying: a guide for employers and employees ACT, Australia, pp. 4. Retrieved November 6, 2007 Website: http://www. workcover. act. gov. au/pdfs/guides_cop/Bullying_Guide-Final. pdf SHARP 2006 Workplace bullying: what everyone needs to know Department of Labor and Industries, Western Australia, pp. 1. Retrieved November 6, 2007 Website: http://www. lni. wa. gov/Safety/Research/Files/Bullying. pdf Tehrani, N. 2001 Building a culture of respect: managing bullying at work Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 209. The CMR Group 2006 Workplace bullying: what can you do? Retrieved November 6, 2007 Website: http://www. badbossology. com/i9763-c47

Automobile collision with serious injury

Yes, as a registered nurse and as a human being, I am obliged to stop and perform first aid should I see an automobile collision with serious injury. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, registered nurses (RNs), regardless of specialty or work setting, perform basic duties that include treating patients, educating patients and the public about various medical conditions, and providing advice and emotional support to patients’ family members. This definition shows that there is also the public included among the responsibilities of registered nurses. Nurses have for many years been awarded the top ranking in opinion polls about which occupations are most trusted by the general public.Some people might opine that nursing duties only relate to clinical settings and they tend to focus only nurse-patient relationship. Duties of the nurse exist only within the parameters of the hospital. Some might even argue that such intervention in roadside emergencies can get a nurse int o legal complications. But then, nursing is a profession that the public depend on for support and care especially in emergency situations.Historically, nurses have been associated with emergency responses. In early times, even though nurses were not as much educated and trained as the nurses of today, they offered their nursing services with great dedication and motivation. They were known for their self-sacrificing nature and offering a human touch that says â€Å"I care.† Nursing history is replete with examples of nurses who have knowingly incurred great risk in order to care for those in need of nursing or to contribute to the advancement of health science. In the United States, the Civil War is cited regularly for the role of volunteer nurses and for the stimulus it gave Clara Barton to organize the American Red Cross, which she eventually accomplished in 1881 (Williams, 2003). That humane touch has been characteristic of the nursing profession.The first plank of the Co de for Nurses states â€Å"The nurse provides services with respect for human dignity and the uniqueness of the client, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems.† This central axiom of respect for persons directs the profession (ANA, 1994). The nurse is not at liberty to abandon those in need of nursing care. According to Gebbie and Qureshi (2006), â€Å"The fundamental goal of nursing, to assist individuals to their highest possible level of functioning in the face of health and illness challenges, is never more needed than under emergency conditions†. This means, a registered nurse is obligated to attend to the wounded person in a roadside emergency.According to the Code for Nurses, nurses may morally refuse to participate in care, but only on the grounds of either client advocacy or moral objection to a specific type of intervention. As applied to nursing, a moral obligation exists for the nur se if the following four criteria are present: The client is at significant risk of harm, loss, or damage if the nurse does not assist; The nurse's intervention or care is directly relevant to preventing harm; The nurse's care will probably prevent harm, loss, or damage to the client; The benefit the client will gain outweighs any harm the nurse might incur and does not present more than an acceptable risk to the nurse (ANA, 2006). In the case of the roadside accident, the victims need to be attended to by a healthcare professional. Prompt medical attention by the RN can make a difference between life and death. Moreover, there is no personal risk. Hence there is a moral obligation on the part of the nurse to attend to the victims.Society has come to rely on nursing and to expect that it will rise to the health demands of virtually any occasion. The only problem registered nurses encounter during such roadside interventions is that they may be forced to take decisions beyond those t hey are qualified for. But then, they can be protected by the Good Samaritan Doctrine which is a legal principle that prevents a rescuer who has voluntarily helped a victim in distress from being successfully sued for ‘wrongdoing.’ The purpose of this doctrine is to prevent people from refusing to help for fear of legal repercussions if they make mistakes in treatment (Neumann, 2005).The practice of the professional nurse extends beyond the confines of the immediate setting where the nurse practices to the broader environment (AU, 2006). According to a survey of many nurses all respondents claimed to have medical assistance and would do so again, but about half of them would not do so unconditionally. However, no respondent has experienced legal complications from providing medical help though they had â€Å"heard† or â€Å"read† of such cases. Thus, it is the moral obligation of a registered nurse to help any accident victim in an emergency situation.Crit ique of Journal Article:Gebbie, K., Qureshi, K. in the article titled â€Å"A Historical Challenge: Nurses and Emergencies† (September 30, 2006) reviews the beginning of emergency nursing as a specialty. The authors also discuss the 21st century expectations about nursing during unexpected disaster situations and various nursing roles related to emergency care. The article is detailed and has many links to related articles.The article says that both paid and volunteer nurses have played a huge role historically in fighting epidemics, HIV and AIDS. Later, nurses became known for their wartime services. By the middle 20th century, emergency rooms came into being. Today, emergency care has become a nursing specialty. The authors then point to the growth of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Rescue Committee. The role of the nurses in local public health emergencies is highlighted. The authors conclude that nurses have been key players during vario us emergency situations in the past. In the future, any kind of emergency in the community can impact the public's health and nurses are needed for prevention, surveillance and response of every type.At the end of the 20th century, national thinking about emergency preparedness led to two important developments: identification of the key competencies needed for effective emergency response, and increased attention to planning for and practicing emergency response. The authors point out that it was necessary for nursing to identify the core abilities needed to become a part of an emergency response team and perform well. Therefore the UG nursing curriculum was adapted by the International Nursing Coalition for Mass Casualty Education (INCMCE) to assure communities that their professional nurses were competent to respond when needed.The article includes tables that list the competencies for public health workers, and the currently available emergency response competency sets applicabl e to nursing and the sources from which these data can be accessed in their entirety. Today, it has been recognized that there needs to be an inter-agency, interdisciplinary response, and that nearly all emergencies have potential health consequences. The authors conclude that nurses will continue to be key players in the local and national level emergency response as we move through the 21st century and that the fundamental goal of nursing, to assist individuals to their highest possible level of functioning in the face of health and illness challenges, is never more needed than under emergency conditions.The article is written in chronological sequence and is highly informative. The authors discuss present day trends in detail in the context of the terrorists attack on the World Trade Center and Hurricane Katrina. The included tables and references prove to be very useful in understanding the competency sets needed for emergency responses. This article underlines the need for comp etency in emergency response. This means nurses should be given better basic and continuing education and should be trained to meet such emergency situations through hospitals, public health centers, and community drills. Bibliography:Internet Sources:U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Registered Nurses. Occupational Handbook. http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos083.htmAU (2006). School of Nursing: Our Philosophy. http://www.nursing.auburn.edu/about-us/our-philosophy.htmlWilliams, Robyn (2003). ABC Radio National Broadcast: The Ethics of Nursing in the Third Reich. Adelaide Institute. http://www.adelaideinstitute.org/Holocaust/nursing.htmPrint and Journal Sources:Gebbie, K., Qureshi, K. (September 30, 2006) â€Å"A Historical Challenge: Nurses and Emergencies†OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. #11 No. #3, Manuscript 1. Available: www.nursingworld.org/ojin/topic31/tpc31_1.htmANA (1994). Ethics and Human Rights Position Statements. Risk versus Respons ibility in Providing Nursing Care. http://www.nursingworld.org/readroom/position/ethics/etrisk.htmANA (2005). Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. The Center for Ethics and Human Rights. http://www.ana.org/ethics/code/protected_nwcoe303.htmNeumann, Karl (2005). Are you a Good Samaritan. News Share. Nov/Dec 2005. http://www.istm.org/publications/news_share/200512/samaritan.aspx

Analysis on R v MacDonald 2014 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1934 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We are social beings and that we live in conditions of interdependence.[1]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This is the crux of legal liberalism, while legal liberalism argues for the individual this will always be constrained by our need for social interaction[2]. The case of R. v. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis on R v MacDonald 2014" essay for you Create order MacDonald is based upon the issues that are faced when the police have to make a choice, protect public safety or violate an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights. Mr. MacDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights may have been violated but this violation of rights was consistent with the legal liberalism principal that follows those rights, they can only extend so far as to not infringe on other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights. The case of R. v. MacDonald, 2014 SCC 3, revolves primarily around the issues surrounding the rights to be free from unreasonable search and seizure and how the police acted in this case. In the case at hand the defendant was having a party in his Halifax residence when some of his neighbours called in a noise complaint[3]. One officer arrived at the scene and was unable to persuade Mr. MacDonald to turn down his music so she called for another officer[4]. Upon arrival the second officer repeatedly knocked and kicked at the door until Mr. MacDonald opened it. Mr. Ma cDonald only opened the door a few inches and the offer observed what appeared to be a gun in his hand hidden behind his leg[5]. The officer then opened the door a bit more and confirmed that the metallic object was a gun, upon confirming that the officer forced himself into the apartment and disarmed Mr. MacDonald[6]. Upon further investigation it was revealed that the gun was not properly registered in Halifax and was only registered in Alberta[7]. Mr. MacDonald was charged under section 95 of the criminal code for unlawfully possessing a restricted firearm without a licence, section 86(1) carelessly handling a firearm and section 88(1) having possession of a firearm for a dangerous purpose[8]. Mr. Macdonald was convicted on all three counts and sentenced to a total of 3 years in prison[9]. The case was appealed to the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal where they upheld the sentences and convictions for the charges under section 86 and 88 but threw out the conviction on section 95, this was based on the successful argument that the defendant had made a mistake of fact when he believed that his firearms licence was valid for all of Canada[10]. His sentence was also reduced on the other two charges. This was then appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada where the issue of the section 8 charter rights to be free from unreasonable search and seizure was the main focus as the defendant tried to have the other two charges dismissed, the crown also appealed the findings of the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal on the issue of the charge under section 95. The court reinstated the conviction under section 95 finding that although a mistake of fact was made this was no excuse and the conviction must be reinstated, but this could be a mitigating factor in sentineling[11]. On the next issue of the section 8 charter rights the court applied the Waterfeild test[12] and established that the search was justified, the police were performing there duty to protect the public and there was a real danger present and the only way to remove that danger was to perform a search, so the search was upheld and the court ruled that all of the convictions would stand[13]. Liberalism is a complex set of ideals that are the main governing ideas behind many of our modern political and legal systems today. As part of a larger political idea legal liberalism offers a perspective on how laws should be written and to what extent the government should inject itself into the day to day lives of its citizens[14]. Liberalism stresses a minimalist government approach, one of small government and few, but necessary, laws[15]. According to liberalism when laws are created they should be created in such a way to respect peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s individual rights, laws should not infringe on people unless it is to protect others from harm, the harm principal[16]. As a legal theory, liberalism assumes that all people are rational, independent, free thinking and completely autonomous from ou tside factors such as the community at large and the government[17]. With this in mind Devlin argues that liberalism advocates that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦society should be governed by the principals of liberty, equality and neutrality. To be more specific, Liberalism advocates that the state and law should strive to provide the citizen with as much space as possibleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [18] Another point that goes hand in hand with the previous is the idea that each individual should be allowed to decide what their personal idea of the good is in their case[19], and each person should be free to choose his or her own path free of outside interference. While remembering that the idea of self is paramount in the realm of liberalism, it is recognized that humans do and must have social and other interactions with other people[20], in other words humans cannot operate as islands upon themselves and must be interactions with others. Legal liberalists would argue that th is is the place for law to interject, according to liberalistsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ law and government should step in to regulate these relationships and to promote the idea of positive relationships[21]. To fully realize the ideals of liberalism one must realize that this is a human created set of ideas and laws and because of that there are bound to be conflicts and tensions inherent to it. Devlin states that liberalism is the dominant legal ideal present in Canada today[22], and that the guiding principal behind that belief is one of infallible individual rights, but as Devlin goes on to point out rights are not infallible in Canada, and may be disregarded if it can be demonstrated to be justifiable in a democratic society[23]. So liberalism strives for an individualistic society, where everyone has rights that are their own, but as it can be seen there is room to bend that stringent definition of liberalism, and every society may adapt it to meet the needs of the people at the time . There are many ways in which the case of R. v. MacDonald can be looked at through the lens of liberalism. First off and probably most importantly is that of the policeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right to search a person to ensure public safety, secondly would be the need to restrict and licence the firearm in the case and finally the question of, was Mr. MacDonald justified in pulling out a firearm when he knew or ought to have known that the police were outside of his residence? All three of these issues can be tested against the harm principal of liberalism. This principal is one that if the action is not causing harm to others than there is no reason to regulate it and there is no need for government intrusion into that area of a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life[24]. When the policeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions are compared against this framework of the harm principal it becomes very subjective to judge whether the actions were consistent with liberalism. While all can most likely agree that a firearm is a dangerous weapon did Mr. MacDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions constitute a dangerous act? This was the question that the judges had to answer and they aired on the side of caution, trusting the police officerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s judgment that this situation could have escalated into one where the public was at great risk[25]. In this same vein the judges also decided that Mr. MacDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s section 8 rights could be violated if it meant ensuring public safety[26]. While this on its face would be a violation of liberalism when we consider the harm principal, this ruling and the policeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions can be considered to be within the ideals of liberalism, while one personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights were violated this was done to protect others, and to allow others to fully enjoy their rights without interference. On the next issue of firearms control and licencing, while the court didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t rule on the validity of firearms li cencing they did enforce the law by upholding the conviction[27]. So this begs the question, are these controls and limitations that are put on firearms consistent with liberalism? On its face these laws would be straying into the field of government intrusion into peoplesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ private lives, but firearms can be quite dangerous so then according to the harm principal shouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t government attention be paid to firearms? These are the questions that must be debated when discussing the issue. Canada has decided that, to spite our legal liberalism ideals[28], that firearms are something that deserve government intrusion into peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lives to ensure the protection of the public. While regulating and restricting firearms clearly goes against the ideals of legal liberalism, this is a restriction that we as a society has decided is necessary and is just in a democratic society. On the final issue of Mr. MacDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions, car rying a firearm to the door of his home when he should have known that the police were outside. While this may have been a justifiable action under legal liberalism if he suspected that the persons at his door were intruders, as they would have been violating his rights[29] and therefore he could justifiably have used the weapon in self-defence but the fact was that the people at his door were police officers. They had identified themselves[30], and were in essence enforcing the rights of Mr. MacDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s neighbours, so under legal liberalism the police presence was justified as Mr. MacDonald was in the wrong[31]. When he carried his weapon he then violated everyone in the vicinityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right to be safe and this caused the police to act and protect all. While according to liberalism the firearms licence regime may be government intrusion, Mr. MacDonald violated his neighbours and the policeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights to safety and the actions that were t aken by the police were appropriate under the harm principal of legal liberalism[32]. What was a simple noise complaint turned into so much more when the defendant, Mr. MacDonald decided to bring his unregistered firearm to the door, with the police outside[33]. This turned into a charter of rights and freedoms issue at the Supreme Court of Canada where Mr. MacDonald was unsuccessful in arguing that his rights were violated[34]. When looked at through the lens of legal liberalism, it can be seen that although he may have the right to have a firearm in some contexts, in this one he was a danger to others which necessitated the policeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions against him. While the gun control system may be against the ideas of legal liberalism, the harm principal is quite clear in that you may only enjoy your rights as far as they do not harm others[35], and in this case the chance of harm was just too great to ignore. Bibliography R. v. MacDonald, 2014 SCC 3 Richard F. Devlin, Mapping Legal Theory 1994 32: 3 Alta L Rev 609. 1 [1] Richard F. Devlin, Mapping Legal Theory 1994 32: 3 Alta L Rev 610 [2] Ibid 610 [3] R. v. MacDonald, 2014 SCC 3 at para 3 [4] Ibid at para 5 [5] Ibid at para 6 [6] Ibid at para 7 [7] Ibid at para 13 [8] Ibid at para 9 [9] Ibid at para 14 [10] Ibid at para 16 [11] Ibid at para 60 [12] Ibid at para 33 [13] Ibid at para 40 [14] Devlin, supra note 1 610 [15] Ibid 610 [16] Ibid 610 [17] Ibid 610 [18] Ibid 610 [19] Ibid 610 [20] Ibid 610 [21] Ibid 610 [22] Ibid 609 [23] Ibid 611 [24] Ibid 610 [25] MacDonald, supra note 3 at para 29 [26] Ibid at para 29 [27] Ibid at para 60 [28] Devlin, supra note 1 609 [29] Ibid 610 [30] MacDonald, supra note 3 at para 5 [31] Devlin, supra note 1 610 [32] Ibid 610 [33] MacDonald, supra note 3 at para 7 [34] Ibid at para 40 [35] Devlin, supra note 1 610

Definitions of Interview Report Essay Samples

Definitions of Interview Report Essay Samples Once you select a topic, conduct research to get someone who will let you dig deeper via conversation. At times, your instructor doesn't supply you with a topic. You are able to formulate your questions by your research. Obviously, in every interview, you might need to do some follow-up questions. Lies You've Been Told About Interview Report Essay Samples There are a great deal of things happening around the planet. Come with a standard list of questions to get they going, but don't be afraid to deviate. After you have fully jumped on this issue and hit it from every angle with everything you have got, you can step away for a couple minutes and allow the new content simmer. Spend time contemplating your audience. Things You Should Know About Interview Report Essay Samples Do not automatically think that the individual commissioning the report simply wishes to read the info. Getting ready for an interview which you will cond uct is among the most important facets to think about. The next thing to do is to organize the info that you obtained during the interview practice. If you're overloaded with the information that you don't find out how to arrange, buy a customized solution from online academic experts! The Advantages of Interview Report Essay Samples Prepare yourself to face considerable challenges in the event the topic of your paper is a famous or busy small business person. To chat about nurses is a critical topic worldwide since they play a central part in delivering health care to the people. Maybe you haven't ever faced a crisis. From time to time, there's not satisfactory remedy to a crisis. What You Don't Know About Interview Report Essay Samples When you are finished, proofread your essay and refine it, if necessary. Essays narrate ideas, ideas and opinions. Writing essays is a simple skill to master. Descriptive essays typically concentrate on a single subject, detailing several factors that relate to it. There are two methods to compose your paper. In reality, you've quite a huge number of strategies to complete your interview paper. Working and writing my lab report proved to be a massive hurdle, since the latter was due in fourteen days. These examples show how to guarantee the ideas are clearly attributed. Remember not to be too connected to the outline that you go in the interview carrying. When you have interviewed the person of interest, make an outline. Once you are certain your outline is done, you're prepared for the third step, writing the essay. Observe that the outline starts with a title. Choosing Good Interview Report Essay Samples Men and women need to visit interviews open minded and expect to react to different questions regarding their life and career. Conducting the Interview Your purpose is to have the individual talking. Begin the interview by explaining who you are and why you're interviewing them. Your opening may be suggested by a number of the comments from your interviews or you may want to describe a situation which causes your question. Fill in the purchase form and you'll get your special interview essay in no moment! Texting Nerdify was the very best decision I made that evening. If you're recording an interview, remember to use all the answers since they are, with no changes. Choosing Good Interview Report Essay Samples There are four fundamental measures that has to be followed to be able to create a clear, readable essay that's on the mark and displays your very best effort. The introduction ought to be catchy and concise as it's the window to your viewpoint. Do not write more than you have to in order to spell out your point. The very first line of each reference should have right alignment while the rest of the lines should have center alignment. Then you are going to learn how to communicate your own opinion on the topic through written words. Furthermo re, the section on career aspirations is critical to the interviewer because it identifies people with innovative ideas. As an issue of fact, you must always study examples of essays which were actually put into practice. A couple of reasons will be sufficient to discuss here. The War Against Interview Report Essay Samples Highlight that additional support can be found through MLE online resources that have been embedded into the training course VLE space. This page offers you a summary of apa format. Submitting such an essay rather than attending an interview is a fairly common occurrence in universities. Interview essay format another major info to discuss.

Alcohol and the Family Essay - 1688 Words

Alcohol and the Family In the United States alone, there are 28 million children of alcoholics - seven million of these children are under the age of eighteen. Every day, these children experience the horrors of living with an alcoholic parent. 40%-50% of children of alcoholics grow up and become alcoholics themselves. Others develop eating disorders or become workaholics. Children of alcoholics receive mixed messages, inconsistency, upredictability, betrayal, and sometimes physical and sexual abuse from their parents. They are made to grow up too fast because they must help keep the family structure together by doing housework and taking care of siblings since the alcoholic is not doing his or her part. Children form roles that†¦show more content†¦In some cases the non-alcoholic parent may be harder for the kids to get along with than the alcoholic. He will probably feel worried and nervous because of his spouses embarrassing behavior and this may accidentally be transferred to the children. H e will get upset over minor issues. The enabler may compromise his values, tell lies, and sacrifice the childrens happiness to cover up the disease. While the enabler is busy trying to smooth together all the mishaps the alcoholic has caused, the hero will be taking on the responsibilities of an adult. The hero is usually the oldest child. He feels somehow responsible for his parents behavior and so he tries to make it better by doing outstanding work in school and extracurricular activities so outsiders will be fooled into thinking that everything is as it should be. The hero provides self worth to the family but underneath he has feelings of inadequacy and low self esteem. The hero will abide by all the rules, do well in school and is often very popular. The opposite of the hero, the scapegoat, takes attention off of the family by getting into trouble. He may get into fights at school, begin an interest in drugs, or run away from home. He would be the most disruptive and disobedient child at school. When he gets older and has a job, he will not be able to do anything right. Socially, scapegoats are outcasts. They feel lonely, hurt, afraid, and angry. The next role is the lost child whoShow MoreRelatedEffects of Alcohol on the Family2174 Words   |  9 PagesAlcohol Dependence, also known as alcoholism, is a very widespread disabling addictive disorder, affecting 4% of Canadians. Alcoholism may start innocuously, due to the acceptability of social drinking, but over time, can lead to serious health problems, including brain, kidney and liver damage. Although alcoholics seem to be doing the most damage to themselves, they are hurting their families even more. 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She began to create a secret lifeRead MoreAlcohol And Family Violence Essay1949 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Alcohol and Family Violence Danielle L Alberty University Of Phoenix Alcohol and family Violence has been an issues with families for many years, these are two demons that some just can’t break, families have been experiencing the traumatic of one’s physical uncontrollable actions. Alcohol has become one’s stress reliever in all views that it began to take over one’s way of thinking and reaction, this is ways individuals express their evil thoughts and the sad thing it that the abuse of alcoholRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On Family Relationships1953 Words   |  8 Pages This paper explains the effects alcohol can have on relationships and individuals, whether that is relating to physical or mental health. Marital and family relationships are significant types of bonds that can be destroyed by the mental illness of alcoholism. 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The Youngers family is poor African American family living in a small apartment in Southside of Chicago. Their grandfather left behind some money, before he dies. When the play start, the family were about to receive an insurance check, that the grandfather leave behind. For the most part, everybody in the family has an idea as to what theyRead MoreCounselor Interview : Counselor, Licensed Marriage And Family Therapist, And Licensed Clinical Alcohol And Drug Counselor Essay884 Words   |  4 PagesCounselor Interview CMB is a Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, and Licensed Clinical Alcohol and Drug Counselor. She currently works at an outpatient non-profit agency and also has a private practice. CMB has been a counselor for over twenty years and has experienced a number of different ethical dilemmas over time. Through this interview, the counselor discussed a specific ethical issue she faced and how she handled the situation. 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Calypso Music free essay sample

Come, Mister tally man, tally me banana, daylight come and me wan’ go home,† are the words to a famous calypso song recorded by Harry Belafonte in 1956. The Free Dictionary defines calypso music as ‘a type of music that originated in the West Indies, notably in Trinidad, and is characterized by improvised lyrics on topical or broadly humorous subjects’. It can also be said that calypso is a certain style of music which incorporates rhythms that are typical of African music. This type of music is seen played during Carnival by Calypsonians, singers, who have prepared for the event all season long. These songs usually poke fun at anything and anyone in the community, from politics to gossip and on special occasions some controversial topics come about in these types of songs. This paper discusses calypso music: the factors which played a role in its existence, rise and decline. It then will look at the lives and impact of two well-known and exceptional calypsonians. It further goes into the examination how calypso songs are written which will be done through analyzing the type of poetry, repetition, rhyming schemes and piling that are found within the calypso lyrics. Finally, it will review and touch on the impact of Calypso music here on the island of St. Martin. There is a famous saying which states that ‘the past is the key to the present’. Therefore, it can be said that there must have been some past key which contributed to the present key of the calypso music industry of today. It is worldly known that ‘Calypso Music’ is famous for its sometimes humorous lyrics and social commentary. Calypso Music started off in Trinidad. Like several other Caribbean islands, Trinidad was colonized by Europeans. According to Tutwiler, what makes Trinidad’s colonial past unique is that it was colonized by the Spanish and later by the English, and also had a large influx of French immigrants. As a result, it is stated that the earliest calypso songs were not sung in English but in French-Creole, sometimes called patois. The history of calypso has more to do with just French immigrants in Trinidad. African slaves were also a part of the calypso history. African slaves were brought to Trinidad to work on the sugar plantations. These slaves were not allowed to communicate with each other. As a result, they began to sing songs from drumming. These song lyrics sang by the slaves were used to make fun or mockery of slave owners and upper class. The rhythms of calypso centered on the steel drum, which the rival groups used to beat out cadences (Tutwiler, 2009). Each year during competitions in Carnival, calypso tunes were sung. These tunes were led by chantwells (singers that led masquerade bands). It is stated in Tutwiler’s article that these Chantwells led their masquerade bands in call and response singing in calypso tents. Calypso tents are still a part of today’s carnival in Trinidad as a place where new music is featured. As time went on, the famous chantwells were later known as calypsonians, which is still known as such today. The first Calypso recording was made in 1914. This specific year marks the landmark in the history of Calypso. During the mid and late 1930’s (known as the golden age of calypso), several people came forth in the industry (Farlex, 2011). This period of time is known as the ‘Golden Age’. Most of the top calypsonians from that age have been males. Males which included: The Growling Tiger, Lord Executor, Lord Pretender, Atilla the Hun, Roaring Lion, and Lord Invader, just to name a few. All of these exceptional people have made unforgettable impressions on the calypso music world. By the late 1930’s calypso music was on a rise. With the ‘Golden Age’ or rise of calypso music, there was also a period of time, when calypso music started to fall, and many other forms of music started to rise. The article (Calypso Music) states that by the 1970s  the golden age of calypso was on a decline. This decline caused many calypso players to begin to view the music as being exhaustive. Calypso music was not actually over, but it just needed some new flavor. A great calypso player by the name of Lord Shorty, came along and added Indian instrumentation and rhythms to the African based instrumentation and rhythms of calypso. This was a natural progression for all because Indians and Africans where the main inhabitants of Trinidad amp; Tobago, which was also the home of Calypso Music amp; Lord Shorty. Through this process, that is how the new form of calypso music was formed: Soca (Farlex, 2011). According to (Romer, 2011), the increase of Indian instrumentation and rhythms were not the only influence on calypso music. Many other forms of music such as Jamaican reggae, Ramp;B, and even rock influenced and are still influencing the world of calypso music today. Among many others, there are two internationally famous calypsonians who have impacted calypso music greatly. They are: Slinger Francisco, better known as ‘The Mighty Sparrow’ who won the calypso Monarch contest in 1956 at age twenty one and continued for decades to be the genre’s most unfailingly excellent perform, also known as ‘Calypso King of the World’, and Aldwyn Roberts, better known by the stage name ‘Lord Kitchener’ who has composed calypsos that cover every imaginable human experience, and social and political events. Slinger Francisco better known as ‘The Mighty Sparrow’ was born in a rural fishing village in Grenada, to a poor working class family. They migrated to Trinidad, when he was just one year old. He attended the New Town Boys School where he was selected to sing in the boys’ choir of St. Patricks Catholic Church. This was his first initial involvement in music. At the young age of 20, Sparrow came out as the leading Calypsonian with his record-breaking hit, Jean and Dinah. Throughout the years he managed to showcase his diversity each year with the release of at least one album dating from the catchy Jean and Dinah (wikipedia. rg, 2011). In 1958 he became the only calypsonian to have had a triple win, in the same year, in the Road March Competition. The calypsos were P. A. Y. E. (Pay As You Earn, a song that allowed the citizens of Trinidad and Tobago, to understand the real importance of paying taxes), Russian Satellite (a song reflecting on the act of cruelty to an imals) and Theresa (a number where, for the first time in his career, he involved other languages) (Calypso Music). In an extraordinary move, he was awarded a cash prize by the Carnival Development Committee, for winning the Road March Competition that year. In 1959 he released a song entitled: Federation, (a song that reflected his disappointment over the breaking up of the proposed Caribbean Federation). In 1960, his career continued to escalate with the melodious May May and Leave the damn Doctor, Royal Jail and Ten to one is Murder followed in 1961. In 1962 he presented us with Sparrow Come Back Home and Model Nation. In 1965, he proved himself a singer with his remake of Arthur Prysocks original, Only A Fool Breaks His Own Heart accompancied by Byron Lee and the Dragonaires. This rendition won him a Gold Record in Holland. He also recorded Frank Sinatras My Way and Lucho Gaticas El Reloj. It can be said that ‘The Mighty Sparrow’ continued to climb the ladder of success in his life, while becoming the most popular caypsonian of all time by the people. According to Manuel (2006), Sparrow demonstrated year after year, with his social commentaries that the calypsonian is really the eyes and ears of the people. Aldwyn Roberts, better known as ‘Lord Kitchener’, shares with Mighty sparrow the title of the world’s best known Calypso singer (Manuel, 2006). Aldwyn Roberts was the son of a blacksmith, Stephen, and homemaker Albertha. Kitcheners success began after he moved to England in 1948. His fame continued throughout the 1950s, when calypso achieved international success (wikipedia. org). He began his career in Trinidad and won his first Road March award for singing in 1946. He and the Mighty Sparrow proceeded to dominate the calypso competitions of the sixties and seventies. It has been stated that Lord Kitchener won the road march competition ten times between 1965 and 1976, more times than any other calypsonian. In the 1950s, he explored West Africa and enjoyed a big hit there with his single, Nora. Farlex mentioned that for 30 years, Lord Kitchener ran his own calypso tent, Calypso Revue, by which he nurtured the talent of many calypsonians, who are: Calypso Rose, David Rudder, Black Stalin and Denyse Plummer. These calypsonians are among the many artists who got their start under Kitcheners guidance (Farlex, 2011). Like many calypsonians, Lord Kitchener drifted toward soca and in 1978; he brought about a new hit: Sugar Bum Bum. This was additionally noted for his hit single, Give Me the Ting† (Farlex, 2011). Aldwyn Roberts passed away on February 12, 2000 at the age of 77. Just like many other types of music, calypso lyrics are written in special forms with unique/hidden messages behind them. The lyrics of calypso music are actually nothing more than oral literature. The poetic form follows that of the ballad: four-line refrains follow eight-line strophes (stanzas) (Encyclop? dia Britannica). Based on the information in the online encyclopedia, it is also said that the simple rhyme scheme in calypso music is amply compensated for by the highly imaginative, original use of language. Usually, the singer-poet/calypsonian, who adopts a catchy stage name (e. g. The Mighty Spoiler; Lord Melody; Attila the Hun), incorporates Spanish, Creole, and African phrases into a lowbrow idiom utilizing newly invented colloquial expressions, such as bobol (graft), pakoti (unfaithfulness), and graf (girl). In his report, Tutwiler stresses on the exaggeration of the local speech patterns found in calypso lyrics. It is explained that the exaggeration of local speech pattern s, distorting the normal accentuation of the text, is matched by offbeat rhythm in the music, a familiar calypso trademark. During performance time, the calypsonian singer either sets his verse to a stock melody or invents a tune of his own. Below are the lyrics to a famous calypso song which was retrieved from lyricsmode. com:â€Å"The Banana Boat Song†. This famous song was sung by Harold George Belafonte Jr. Day-o, Day-ay-ay-o Daylight come and me wan go home Day, me say day, me say day, me say day Me say day, me say day-ay-ay-o Daylight come and me wan go home Work all night on a drink a rum Daylight come and me wan go home Stack banana till the mornin come Daylight come and me wan go home Come, Mister tally man, tally me banana Daylight come and me wan go home Come, Mister tally man, tally me banana Daylight come and me wan go home Its six foot, seven foot, eight foot BUNCH! Daylight come and me wan go home Six foot, seven foot, eight foot BUNCH! Daylight come and me wan go home Day, me say day-ay-ay-o Daylight come and me wan go home Day, me say day, me say day, me say day Daylight come and me wan go home A beautiful bunch a ripe banana Daylight come and me wan go home Hide the deadly black tarantula Daylight come and me wan go home Its six foot, seven foot, eight foot BUNCH! Daylight come and me wan go home Six foot, seven foot, eight foot BUNCH! Daylight come and me wan go home Day, me say day-ay-ay-o Daylight come and me wan go home Day, me say day, me say day, me say day Daylight come and me wan go home Come, Mister tally man, tally me banana Daylight come and me wan go home Come, Mister tally man, tally me banana Daylight come and me wan go home Day-o, day-ay-ay-o Daylight come and me wan go home Day, me say day, me say day, me say day Me say day, me say day-ay-ay-o Daylight come and me wan go home Harold George Harry Belafonte, Jr. was born on March 1, 1927. He was an American singer, songwriter, actor and social activist (wikipedia. org). Harry was dubbed the King of Calypso for popularizing the Caribbean musical style with an international audience in the 1950s (Calypso Music). Belafonte is perhaps best known for singing The Banana Boat Song, with its signature lyric Day-O. Many people read/sing/listen to the banana boat song above, but some still don’t know the meaning of the song. That’s how it is sometimes with calypso lyrics. Sometimes the calypsonians bring across their message in such a way, that it take some people quite some time to actually examine it and get the true meaning out of what they are trying to say. The banana boat song above is actually a traditional Jamaican mento folk song. Although it is really Jamaican mento, the song is widely known as an example of calypso music (wikipedia. org). It is a song from the point of view of dock workers working the night shift loading bananas onto ships (25 Great Music Moments in Film History, 2010). Daylight has come, the shift is over and they want their work to be counted up so that they can go home. This song expresses the feelings of the people in the community who have been working hard, and is still awaiting pay. It goes back to prove something that was mentioned before: ‘lyrics for calypso music can be created from any topic’. As can be seen in the way the song is written, there are repetitive lines especially with the word ‘home’. This word is emphasized in every stanza, which makes you think that this is actually what the people actually wanted is ‘to go home’. The poetry style used in this song is the quatrain. Clithertoe defines the quatrain as the four line stanzas of any type, rhyme, or meter. The rhyming schemes of the stanzas in the quatrain poetries can be written in different forms. Two examples of the rhyming schemes which can be seen in the above lyrics to ‘The banana boat song’ are the ballad form and the Goethe form. A ballad has many variations of rhyme and line length (Clithertoe). The basic Ballad Stanza, as he goes on to define consists of four lines with an alternating couplet and lines that alternate from four iambic feet to three. Below an example of the ballad rhyming scheme, where all the a’s will rhyme, the b’s will rhyme and the c’s will rhyme: x x x x x x x a x x x x x b x x x x x x x c x x x x x b| Here is the stanza in the song where the ballad rhyming scheme is used: Day, me say day-ay-ay-o (a) Daylight come and me wan go home (b) Day, me say day, me say day, me say day (c) Daylight come and me wan go home (b) The other rhythm scheme is the Goethe form. This rhythm scheme is different to the ballad form, but there is not much of a difference. With this one each stanza comprises of a single line, a couplet and a single line (Clitheroe). Each single line, as he describes, rhymes with a line from the couplet, one starting and one completing the stanza. Here is an example of the Goethe rhythm style, there is no set meter: x x x x x x x a x x x x x x x b x x x x x x x a x x x x x x x b| Here is an example of the stanza in the lyrics of ‘the banana boat song’, where the Goethe rhythm form is used: Work all night on a drink a rum (a) Daylight come and me wan go home (b) Stack banana till the mornin come (a) Daylight come and me wan go home(b) Although it is known that calypso music has started in Trinidad, it has not only been a part of the Trinidad’s culture, but also a part of many other countries/ islands in and out of the Caribbean. St. Martin is one of those islands/countries where calypso music has been a part of the people, especially during carnival time, where there are competitions. Calypso music was not always popular on the island. As Maria Buncamper states, calypso on St Maarten started around 1969 when a few artists would compete more for bragging rights and the ladies attention then for monetary compensation. By the mid-70’s, the number of calypsonians on the island was increasing. Several calypsonians such as Caiso genius, King Jacko and King Fernando had already mastered the artform and delighted audiences during occasions, especially carnival time (Buncamper, 2009). By the 80’s, it is said that artists such as King Beau Beau, Kaiso Brat, the Mighty Dow and King Stunky aroused into the Calypso arena. In the early 90’s, there were other names such as Young Arrow, King Repeater,   Ricky the Fox, King Timo, who joined the ranks and by the turn of time, younger opponents such as Fish the Boss, Baker Jr. and Young Dow, all second generation artists entered the Senior competitions. De King Arrow was one of them who resided on St Maarten. He wrote winning compositions for many of the local calypsonians, but who reserved his competing for his native St Kitts. Ramon Proctor (a former participant in calypso music)(personal communication, December 2nd, 2011), explained that throughout the last 4 decades, calypso history was written on St Maarten with the usual competitors between the likes of King Beau Beau and King Fernando, King Beau Beau and the Might Dow and King Beau Beau and Fish the Boss (the son of King Fernando). However, by the turn of the century, there were few albums or cd’s capturing some of the most memorable and St Maarten’s Carnival Village and people of St Maarten have known. The following is a personal interview that was held with a well known calypsonians of St. Maarten-Andrew D. â€Å"Baker Jr† Richardson: 1. What is your name? My Given name is, Andrew Daniel Richardson, I go under the Artist pseudonym name of His Majesty Baker Jr. or just Baker Jr. for short which is the choice of the majority of the people and preference, yet the older folks will just call me Baker which is my dad’s artist name. 2. Could you give me a little history about your involvement in calypso? How did you get into calypso? How long have you been singing calypso music? My involvement in calypso is connected with a great deep enthusiasm which was the passionate profession of my father Antonio Alexandre Richardson who goes under the artist pseudonym of The Mighty Baker which everyone calls him Baker. He obtained this name during his school days where some friend called him Dutch Baker, from there on, he carry on the name Baker when he proceed and find his passion in the calypso and soca art form. Therefore from one generation to another the talent was passed on for it grows within my heart mind and soul as my dad would be playing the type of music daily as I’m around him. When I was a little boy listening to famous artist like King Short Shirt, Swallow, King Ostinate out of Antigua and the calypso King Of The World Mighty Sparrow along with other Trinidadian artist and there is where the mantle was pass on automatically and a new artist was form so Calypso and soca became my passion from this day on composing my very own songs. 3. What is the name of one of the calypsos you have written? Why did you write it? I have written for myself and for junior artists which have a major importance for the cause and effect of the songs. One of my calypsos I have written is entitle â€Å"Condomise†. I chose this song to proclaim to the world for it have a positive message in aids awareness to protect as many people I can from this mass disease that is spreading throughout the world and affecting millions of human beings. The structure of this type of calyspo would be a social commentary, which is different from the political documentary, where, we will sing a song for the masses and informing them of hidden secrets and occurrence within of government regime or sometime even disputing and rebelling. In calypso, which is the most powerful tool use today to get our message out in public, we use double meaning in our song which is called satire calypso, like back in the days on the plantation where the slave will sing songs passing message to each other via their double standed of satire lyrics, so only them could comprehend. In this modern day in age, we do the same but the leaders officials comprehend the song as well but its our security once we use satire lyrics so we aren’t accused with slander nor defaming any ones name and only a few of us are professional with it. Those who are not will easily get reprimanded. Another song of its quality was one a social commentary I wrote for a student of mine Roxanne Webster with the artist name of Lil Roxxy with â€Å"A Baby’s Cry† and â€Å" Young Carlix† with â€Å"We Must Stand Up For We Self† cross genres of political documentary and social commentary song of this nature is the mouth piece of the world and nation. 4. What do you think about Calypso music here in St. Maarten? I think calypso is doing justice to St. Maarten in where as controlling politicians bad deeds and greed within their vulture motions and ways, referring to those who careless of the masses that seek all for them self and none for thee. In addition, calypso is still climbing the chart for it is lack of promotion and cultural respect from our local and foreign radio disc jockeys. For we have official leaders who will go all out and pay the disc jockey not to play the song on the air wave and we have those who support their political party so they will stay away from that political documentary as much as possible unless they are told to play it via requests from the public. In this art form, calypsonian like myself have a deep passion to proceed with our profession in the art of calypso and soca and as natures cause I believe strongly that persistence always pay off and that is how I know calypso will never died, but grow until the end of time, here in St. Maarten and throughout the world. 5. Where do you see your future in calypso music? Well as far as my future in calypso music, my future is yet to expand especially in the soca arena whether it is groovy soca of fast tempo soca like roadmarch or party songs. I do know it take money to guaranteed fulfillment in my musical career with the talent I have unless I get a record deal with a major record label. I am consider as one of the unrecognized artist in the Caribbean and that actually started from home where the disc jockeys again don’t push us enough to get us out there. I have seen in those days where I visited place like Trinidad or even living in America where any Trinidadian would think I’m from Trinidad and Tobago because of my vocals and style, and most of them never heard of St. Maarten, as for my visit to Trinidad and the rest small Caribbean Islands, I’m well accepted and respected for my lyrical artillery and brilliant composition. I do believe one day I will meet my goal head on once I have the breath of life anything is possible and that goes for each and every man no matter what they are trying to achieve or what profession they wish to accomplish. I also still believe in a hit song I had call I ‘Love Meh Wife’ and one day I will make the professional video it deserve and it will bounce back along with a few other potential hits I have. You can surf the web and explore my online store for my CD’s I have created during my recording era. Visit www. cdbaby. /all/kingbakerjr this site will take you to all my CD’s, just two of them is yet to be published. In conclusion, Calypso Music is still one of the most significant traditions in the Caribbean Music Industry.

Repression Essays (717 words) - Freudian Psychology,

Repression When forming a memory, the brain takes what we see, hear, smell, feel, and or taste, and fills in the blank spots with information that we have perceived from common knowledge and stores it as a memory. But sometimes something happens that is so shocking that the mind grabs hold of the memory and pushes it underground, into some inaccessible corner of the unconscious. There it sleeps for years, or even decades, or even forever- isolated from the rest of mental life. Then, one day it may rise up and emerge into consciousness. When the unconscious tucks away a memory, to hopefully be forgotten, it is called Repression. Repression is a defense mechanism derived from Sigmund Freud near the beginning of the century (Gay 18-19). But if a person cannot recall a memory, was it ever really a memory? Did it ever really happen? If so, can the conscious be manipulated and made to think that, through controversial methods such as hypnosis or a truth serum called sodium pentathol, a false event actually happened? (Accused) And if these false events are believed, then can the manipulated mind be used in court cases to sue the people who caused the traumatic experience? When Freud discovered the idea behind repressed memories he then had to come up with a way to recover then. A process known as psychoanalysis was formed. The theory of repression and recovery became a corner stone to understanding some of our own neurosis (Gay 18-19). When Freud began to use this method frequently, he did not know what psychologists would do with the theory today, nor did he realize that people would ever use this as a method of fraud. In 1990 a case went to trial against a man accused of murder 20 years earlier. He was accused of killing his daughters` best friend. The daughter, now an adult, began to remember slowly events that occurred and pieced together enough information to convict her father. He was the first man to ever go to trial and be convicted of murder of the grounds of a recovered memory (repressed memories). In this particular case, was the daughter beginning to remember these events before she began therapy or was this such a traumatic event that in order to settle it within her own mind, she had to come up with her own solution? When a memory becomes locked away, it can be permanent or temporary depending on the severity of the traumatic experience. Through psychoanalysis, the memory can be brought back. The process is a detailed inquiry of the persons past and past relations and events, which are recorded and analyzed. (Gay 479) Through this process, the psychologist then can determine whether or not there is more there to be brought out. This is where hypnosis and other controversial methods can come into play. When you are under hypnosis, you are completely vulnerable and susceptible to influence. Memories can then be implanted by use of descriptive details, inserted characters and fictitious plot elaboration. (Accused) There are also three ways in which memory can be affected: when it is stored, while it is being stored and when it is retrieved. During each of these times something could be misunderstood, or implanted. Psychologists are not the only influences our brain has. Recollections of horror movies, comic books, nightmares, anything on TV are liable to get garbled in our memories and tossed around to confuse us. Possibilities of retrieval of lost memories are plentiful. Memories of these things can come out in the hypnosis therapy and therapists think it to be true and valid information. But not only is it up to the techniques reliability, but it is also up to the mind and soul of the person to distinguish these other influences and recapture the true event. Knowing that evidence exists that memories can be implanted and that the mind is so easily mislead, it makes you wonder about your own past. It makes you almost want to remember things that your not even sure existed. It also makes you wonder why people would want to dredge up memories if they are not real. There is no easy answer or explanation to the theory of repression and retrieval, but until psychologists can drag our unconsciousness into the light, retrieval of repressed memories will be left in the dark. Bibliography Accused-False Memory Syndrome. http://www.accused.com/contents/overview/fms.html* (9 Sept. 1998) Freud, Sigmund. The Freud Reader. ed. Peter Gay. London: Yale University. 1995. Repressed Memories. http://www.psy.flinders.edu.au/webpages/learning/ktmgcc/page2.html* (9 Sept. 1998)